to bark; his ears and tail become pointed; arid his 
hair drops off, while a coarfer and thinner kind 
fupplies It's place. This fort of Dog is alfo found 
in great abundance in the temperate climates ; par- 
ticularly among thofe nations who, preferring uti- 
lity to beauty, employ an animal which requires 
very little culture in order to it's being fervice- 
able. Notwithftanding this creature's deformity, 
as well as his melancholy and favage air, he is fupe- 
rior to all the reft of the kind in inftinft ; and, 
without the fmalleft inftru<5tion, naturally tends 
the Bocks with an afliduity and vigilance at once 
pleafing and aftonifhing. 
In the more pblifiicd and civilized countries, 
the Dog feems to partake of the univerlal refine- 
ment; and, like the natives, becomes more beauti- 
ful and majeftic, as v/ell as m.ore capable of im- 
bibing an education foreign to his nature. The 
Dogs of Denmark, Greece, and Ireland, are larger 
and ftronger than thofe of any other country. In 
France, Germany, Spain, and Italy, thefe animals, 
like the inhabitants, are of various kinds; and this 
variety feems to originate from croffing the breed 
of fuch as are imported from foreign climates. 
We may therefore confider the fliepherd's Dog as 
the primiitive ftock from whence all thofe varieties 
are derived, efpecially as he forms the ftem of that 
genealogical tree which has been branched out into 
every part of the globe, 
■ This animal, when among the inhabitants of the 
temperate climates, continues nearly in his origi- 
nal ftate ; but, when tranfported into more frigid 
regions, he grows diminutive and ugly: though 
in Iceland, RufTia, and Siberia, where the climate 
is lefs ri.Q:orous than in Greenland, and where the 
people are more civilized, he arrives at a more per- 
fe6l ftate. Whatever differences there may be 
among the Dogs of thofe climates, tiiey are not fo 
confiderable as to alter the general features of the 
fpecies: they have all ft-raight ears, long thick hair, 
and a favage afpeft; and they bark lefs frequently 
than thofe of the more cultivated kinds. 
The fhepherd's Dog, if tranfported into the 
temperate climates of England, France, and Ger- 
many, whofe inhabitants are wholly civilized, will 
fpeedily be divefted of his favage air, his pricked 
ears, and his rough, long, and thick hair; and, 
from the fingle influence of climate or food alone, 
will become either a matin, a maftiff, or a hound. 
Thefe three feem to be the immicdiate defcendants 
of the fonPiCr; and from them the other varieties 
are derived. 
The houfid, the harrier, and the beagle, appear 
to be all of the lame clafs ; for though the female is 
covered but by one of tliem, her puppies bear 
fome refemblance to all the three. If this animal 
be tranfported into Spain or Barbary, where the hair 
of all quadrupeds alTLimes a foft and long texture, 
it will there be converted into the land-fpaniel and 
the water- fpaniel, and thefe of different magnitudes. 
If the grey matin-hound, which compofes the fe- 
cond branch, be tranfported to the north, it will 
there become the great Danifh Dog; which laft, 
if removed into Ibuthern climates, will be converted 
into the greyhound, of various fizes; and the fame, 
if tranfported into the Ukraine, Tartary, Epirus, 
Albania, and Ireland, will become the great v/olf 
Dog, fo famous for it's fpirit and fize. If the maf- 
tiff, which conftitutes the third branch, and is 
chiefly a native of England, be removed to Den- 
mark, it will there be changed into the little Da- 
nifh Dog; which laft, if fent into the tropical cli- 
DOG 
mates, will be turned into the animal called the 
Turkifh Dog without hair. 
All the above races, together with their varie- 
ties, are produced by the influence of the climate, 
joined to the different food, culture, and proteftion, 
which they meet with among mankind: but all 
other kinds may be confidered as mongrel gene- 
rations, produced by the concurrence of thefe, and 
originating rather from cro fling the breed than at- 
tending to the individual. Thefe varieties being 
extremely numerous, and very different in diftin£t 
countries, it would be endlefs to enumerate them 
all: befides, nothing but experience can afcertain 
tlie reality of the conjeilures already made, though 
they have fo much the appearance of probability. 
The varieties of Dogs in Great Britain are very 
num.erous; which muft' naturally be the cafe in all 
countries where commerce is extenfive, and where 
wealth is apt to beget capricious predileftion. In 
this ifland the uglieft, as well as the moft ufelefs of 
their kinds, are adopted merely on account of their 
fingularity ; and, being imported for no other pur- 
pofe than to be looked at, they fbon lofe even that 
finall degree of fagacity which they poffeffed in 
their natural climates. From this importation of 
foreign ufelefs Dogs, the native breed of this coun- 
try is much degenerated ; and the varieties now to 
be found are much more numerous than they were 
in the reign of Queen Elizabeth, when Doftor 
Gaius attempted their natural hiftory: fbme of thofe 
defcribed by him no longer exift; though many 
have been fince introduced, neither fo ferviceable 
nor fo beautiful as thofe v/hich have fince that pe- 
riod been fuffered to decay. 
The above naturalift divides the v/hole race of 
Dogs into three forts. The firft, being the gene- 
rous kind, confifts of tlie tarrier, the harrier, the 
blood-hound, the gaze-hound, the grey-hound, the 
leymner, and the trembler, employed in hunting; 
the fpaniel, the fetter, and the water-fpaniel or 
finder, ufed in fowling; the fpaniel, and the gentle 
or lap-dog, for amufement. The fecond fort, 
compofed of the farm kind, confifts of the ftiep- 
herd's Dog and the maftiff. And the third, being 
the mongrel kind, confifts of the wappe, the turn- 
fpit, and the dancer. ._To which varieties may now 
be added the bull-dog, the Dutch maftiff, the 
harlequin, the pointer, and the Dane; together with 
a variety of lap-dogs, which being ufelefs ani- 
mals, are of courfe unworthy of particular appella- 
tions. 
The Englifli bull-dog is perhaps the moft cou- 
rageous of the kind; but all his boafted exploits 
fall infinitely fhort of thofe recorded by Pliny of 
the Epirotic Dogs, or by ^lian of the Indian ones. 
The latter of theie authors has furnifhed us with 
the following defcription of a combat between 
a Dog and a lion; which, we apprehend, will 
not prove either ufelefs or unentertaining to our 
readers. 
' When iVlexander was profecutinghis conquefts 
in India, a grandee of that country was defirous 
of fhewing him the value of the Dogs which were 
there produced. Bringing his Dog into the king's 
prefence, he ordered a ftag to be let loofe before 
him ; which the Dog defpifing as an unworthy ene- 
my, remained quite regardlefs of the animal, and 
never once ftirred from his place. His mafter 
then ordered a wild boar to be let out; but the 
Dog feemed to think even this a defpicable foe, 
and remained calm and regardleli; as before. He 
was next tried with a bear: but ilill conremnino- 
3 O Ins . 
