tion. In tlie fpace of a few weeks, both of them 
appeared remarkably emaciated, and feWom ap- 
proached each other without fighting. Their con- 
tefts at laft became fo very defperate, that the Dog 
killed the wolf, who was now become extremely 
feeble and wafted: and he alfo was foon after 
obliged to be flain ; for, on regaining his liberty, 
he inftantly attacked every animal that came in his 
way, man himfeif not excepted. 
The above ingenious naturalift tried the like ex- 
periment on young foxes, but with no better fuc- 
cefs, for they never engendered with Dogs ; and he 
feems to be of opinion, that their natures are too 
oppofite ever to provoke mutual defire. One cir- 
cumftance however is obfervable; namely, that 
the animals on which he tried his experiments were 
probably too old v/hen taken,- and had in fome 
meafure acquired their natural favage difpofitions 
before they came into his poiTeffion. This v^olf, 
according to his own account, was two or three 
months old before it was caught, and the foxes 
v/ere taken in traps. It may therefore eafily be 
fuppofed, that nothing could ever after perfeflly 
tame thofe creatures, v/hich had been fuckled in a 
wild ftate, and had imbibed all the habitudes of 
their dams. 
The Dog, when firft produced, is not a per- 
fe£liy formed animal. In this kind, as in all the 
reft which bring forth many at a time, the young 
are lefs compleat than in thofe which bring forth 
only one or two. They are always whelped Vv^ith 
their eyes ciofed, the lids being held together by a 
kind of membrane, which burfts as foon as the up- 
per eye-lid becomes fcrong enough to raife it from 
the under one. In general, they continue blind till 
the tenth or twelfth day; during which period, the 
bones of their fculls are incompleat, their bodies 
are inflated, their nofes are contracted, and their 
whole figure is but imperfe6liy reprefented. In 
lefs than a month, the puppy begins to acquire all 
it's fenfes, and from thence makes hafty advances 
to perfeftion. At the end of the fourth month, 
the Dog, like other animals, ftieds fome of his 
teeth, which are renev/ed by fuch of them as are 
permanent. The number of teeth amounts to 
forty-two, being twelve more than is found in any 
of the cat kind, which never have above thirtv. 
The teeth of the Dog being his principal, and in- 
deed his only defence, they are form.ed in fuch a 
manner as to render him the moft effential fer- 
vices. There is fcarcely any quadruped which ei- 
ther rends, cuts, or chews it's food with greater 
facility than the Dog. He cuts with his incifojes, 
or fore-teeth; he holds with his four great canine 
ones; and he chews with his grinders, which are 
fourteen in number, and fo placed, that when his 
iav/s are ftiut, there reniains a diftance between 
them; fo that this animal, on opening his mouth 
to the greateft poffible ftretch, does not lofe the 
power of his jaws. But the cafe is very difterent 
with refpc6l to the cat kind, v/hofe incifores, or 
cutting-teeth, are very fmall; and their grinders, 
when brought in contaft, touch more clofely than 
thofe of the Dog, and confequently have lefs 
power. 
The Dog, v/ho is capable of propagating his 
kind at the age of one year, generally lives to that 
of twelve; and the female goes with young nine 
weeks. Though few quadrupeds are lefs delicate 
with refpeift to their food, there are many kinds of 
birds v/hich the Dog will not venture to touch; 
and, even in a favage ftate, he refrains from, in- 
juring fome to which nature feems to render him 
inimical. The wild Dogs and vultures about 
Grand Cairo in Egypt, according to the ingenious 
Haflfelquift, generally aftbciate together. As they 
are both very ferviceablc in devouring fuch car- ■ 
cafes as would otherwife putrify, and thus infeft 
the air, the inhabitants fupply them daily with food, > 
in order to keep them near the city; and on thefc 
occafions they are often feen together, feeding on 
the fame piece of flefh without the fmalieft ap- 
pearance of animofity. 
Though the Dog is a voracious animal, he is 
capable of endurins; hunger for a confiderable 
time: and a remarkable inftance of this kind is re- 
corded in the Memoirs of the Academy of Sci- 
ences ; namelv, tliat of a bitch, who having been ac- 
cidentally ftiut up in a country-houfe, lived there 
forty days, without any other nourilhment than 
v/hat flie derived from the wool of a bed-quilt 
which Die had torn to pieces. It feems, indeed, 
that water is more neceftary to the fubfiftence ot ■ 
the Dog than food : he drinks often, though not 
in great abundance; and it is an univerfally re- 
ceived opinion, that if this animial be denied a fuf- 
ficient quantity of this wholefome fluid, he will 
very ibon difcover fymptoms of madnefs. This 
dreadful malady, the conlequences of which are fo 
v/ell knovv^n, is the greateft inconvenience chat re- 
fults from the keeping this faithful domeftic. But 
the diftemper is by no means fo frequent as the 
timorous are apt to imagine: the Dog is often 
fuppofed to be mad v;hen he only labours under 
fome coinmon complaint; and, when he haopens 
to bite under fuch circumftances, the force of ima- 
gination is irequently produftive of tire moft fatal 
effefts. 
The Dog wds confecrated to Mercury, the moft 
vigilant and crafty of all the heathen deities, becaufe 
vigilance and fagacity are the attributes of that' 
animal. According to Pliny, the flefti of young 
Dogs was reckoned fo pure, that it was oflered in 
facrifice to the gods, and ferved up in the repaft^ 
prepared for them, Among the Egyptians, thefe 
animals v/ere held in universal veneration; but this 
awful refpe6c was greatly diminiflied when, after 
Cambyfes had killed Apis, and caufed him to be 
thrown into the layftalJ, the Dog alone, of all ani- 
mals, fed on his carcafe. The Romans crucified 
one of thefe creatures annually, by way of punifli- 
ment for their negledl in not v/arning them, by 
their barking, of the arrival of the Gaul.'^, v/ho be- 
fieged the Capitol. If we may credit iElian, za^ 
inhabitants of a certain country in ^Ethiopia had 
a Dog for their king, whofe carefl^es and barkines 
they confidered as marks of his favour or refent- 
ment; and around the temple dedicatee to Vulcari 
on Mount ^'Etna, (fays tlie famie author) are placed 
facred Dogs, Vv'hich, as if endowed v/ith reafon, 
fawn on thofe who approach that temple with mo - 
defty and devotion, but bite and devour others 
whofe hands are unclean. 
Doc, Shepiierd's. This fpecies, which is the 
Canis Don^.efticus of Ray, and le Chien Berger of 
Bufl'on, is common in alnioft every country of 
the world, without any very confiderable varia- 
tions ; and fo well Icnown, as not to require any par- 
ticular defcription. 
Dog, Hound. Tlfis animal is well known for 
it's ufcs in hunting. Tiicre are three varieties, all 
produced by the fime dam; namely, the Hound,, 
the harrier, and the beagle. The ears are long 
and pendulous ) the nole is obtufe; the mouth is 
large j 
