FAL 
head and throat are cream-colonred ^ the belly is 
white, with oblong black fpots; and the hind part 
of the neck and the back are a deep grey. The 
wings are very long; and, when clofed, reach be- 
yond the tail: the firft quill-feathers are black, 
with white tips ; and the others are a bkieifli grey, 
having their inner webs irregularly fpotted with 
white. The tail is long and cuniform; the two 
nfiddle feathers of which are the longeft, and plain, 
the reft being fpotted ; and the legs are long, naked, 
and yellow. 
Falcon, Gentle. This fpecies is of an ele- 
gant conformation, and fonnewhat larger than the 
gofhawk. The cere and legs are yellow; the irides 
are a dull white; the pupil is large, and of a full 
black hue; and the head is of a light ruft-colour 
with oblong black fpots. The whole under-fide, 
from the chin to the tail, is white tinged with yel- 
low, each featlier being marked with cordiform 
dufky i'pots pointing downwards. The back is 
brown; the quill-feathers, which are duflcy, are 
barred on their exterior webs with black, and on 
the lower parts of their interior ones with white. 
The coverts of the wings and the fcapulars are 
brown, edged with ruft-colour; and the wings 
reach only to one-half of the length of the tail. 
The tail itfelf is marked with four or five black 
bars, and the fame number of cinereous ones, the 
firft being edged both above and beneath with a 
line of dull white. 
Great caution fliould be obferved in defcribins 
hawks, no other birds being fo liable to change their 
colours during the two or three firft years of their 
lives ; and a want of attention to this circumftance 
has occafioned their numbers to be greatlv exag- 
gerated : but the proper marks to be attended to, 
for the purpofe of forming the charafters of the 
fpecies, are thofe on the quill-feathers and the tail, 
which never vary. Writers on falconry have given 
various names to the fame kinds in different pe- 
riods of dieir lives, which naturalifts have adopted, 
and deftribed as diftinct tribes; and even the ac- 
curate Ray has been fo far mifled as to copy them. 
Though the Falcon, the Gentle Falcon, and the 
Haggard, are made diftin6t Ipecies, they in reality 
form but one ; and for that reafon we ftiall not 
trouble our readers with unnecefiary repetitions, 
which would only tend to perplex them. 
Falcon, White. The whole body of this 
bird is pure white, except a few faint yellow fpots, 
which cannot be diftinguiflied but by a very nice 
infpeftion; the wings, indeed, are perfedly white, 
without the leaft mixture. The colour fuiiiciently 
diftinguiflies this fpecies from all other birds of 
the fame kind. 
Falcon, Barbary. This fprightly and ma- 
jeftic bird has a large black beak, and open yel- 
low noftrils. The eyes are of a dark hazel co- 
lour, encircled with yellow rings; the top of the 
head is of a pale afti-colour, beautifully fpotted 
with black; the feathers on the back, fhoulders, 
and part of the wings, are nearly of the fame hue, 
and equally ornamented with black f|wts; the 
breaft^, belly, and thighs, are yellowifti, inclining 
to white, the upper part of the breaft being a little 
ihaded with blue. The wings are very long ; and, 
when clofed, reach almoft to the end of the tail, 
which is blueifti, with fix or feven dufky -coloured 
ftreaks running acrofs it. Part of the thighs, and 
the lower part of the belly, are marked with curious 
oblong red fpots refembling ermine; the legs and 
feet are yellow; and the chws are black. 
. . , FAT 
Falcon, PvED Indian", of Aldrovandus. 
This naturalift pofl'efied two of thefe birds, which 
he conjeftured to be male and female. The top 
of the head of the female was depreiTed; the beak 
was cinereous, and the {km which covered it's bafe 
was yellow. From the exterior corner of the eye 
proceeded an oblong reddifh fpot; and die breaftr 
and under-part of the body were reddifli inter- 
fperfed with a few cinereous fpots. The male dif- 
fered from the female only in being fomewhat lefs, 
and in his colours being generally deeper. 
Falcon, Indian Crested. This Ipecies is 
of the fize of the gofliawk. The head is flat, 
black, andcrefted; and the creft, which is double, 
hangs down on the back part of tlie head. The 
neck is red; the breaft and belly are black and 
white, being marked with alternate tranfverfe lines 
of thofe colours; the irides are yellow; the bealc is. 
a very deep blue, or ratlier black, efpeciaily near 
the point; and the bafe is covered with a yellow 
membrane. The legs are feathered down to the 
very feet, which are yellow, and armed with ex- 
trem.ely black claws; the edges of the lefTer feathers 
of the wings are v/hite ; the tail is alternately ftriped 
with white and afh-coloured ftreaks; and the other 
parts are blackifh. 
A bird of this fpecies was imported into Eng- 
land in the reign of King Charles II. and was firft 
defer! bed by Ray. 
FALCONE. An appellation given by fome 
authors to the milvus or flying-filh. 
FALLOW-FINCH, orFALLOW-SMICH. 
A name fometimes given to the oenanthe, more 
commonly called the wheat-ear, and by fome au- 
thors oftiflora. 
FAREN. The Swedifh appellation for a fifii 
peculiar to that country. It is of the genus of 
cyprini, and diftinguifhed by Artedi under the 
naine of the yeliow-eyed cyprinus with twenty- 
feven bones in the pinna ani. 
FARIO. A term ufed to exprefs the falmon 
when about half-grown, after it has pafTed that 
ftate in which it is called the falar, and before it 
has arrived at it's full growth. 
FASCINELLUS. A bird fo called by Gef- 
ner and Aldrovandus, bearing a ftrong refemblance 
to the heron kind. The head, neck, breaft, back, 
belly, thighs, and rump, are of a tav/ny colour; in 
the middle of the back there is a darkifh green 
fpot ; and the wings and tail are nearly of the fam.e 
colour. The bill is blackifh, very long, and 
hooked at the extremity; and the feet are of the 
fame hue. 
FATHER LASHER; the Cottus Scorpius of 
Linnaeus. A f.fli of the cottus kind, called by 
Artedi the fmooth cottus without fcales; having 
feveral Ipines on the head, and the upper jaw being a 
little longer than the under. The head, which is 
very large, has a moft formidable appearance, be- 
ing armed with vatft fpines, by which the creature 
combats every enemy that attacks it, inflating it's 
cheeks and gill-covers to a prodigious fize. The 
nofe, and the fpace contiguous to the eyes, are fur- 
nifhed with fhort fharp fpines ; and the covers of 
the gills are terminated by fome very long, ftrong, 
and fharp-pointed ones. The mouth, which is 
large, contains two rows of minute teeth; the roof 
being furnifhed with a triangular fpot of fmall 
ones. The back is much elevated ; the belly is 
prominent; the lateral line is rough; but the reft 
of the body is very fmooth, tapering towards the 
tail. The firft dorfal fin confifts of eight fpiny 
rays. 
