FAU 
rays, and the- fecond of eleven foft ones j the pec- 
toral fins, which are large, are made up of fixteen 
k^ays, the ventral of three, and the anal of eight ; 
and the tail, which is rounded at the extremity, is 
compofed of twelve bifurcated rays. The colour 
of the body is a dufl-cy brown, marbled with white-, 
and fometimes ftained with red; the fins and tail 
are tranfparent ; and the belly is a filvery white. 
This filh, which feldom exceeds eight or nine 
inches in length, is ordinarily found on the rocky 
coafts of this illand, lurking under ftones, where it 
Ibraetimes feizes a bait. It is very common in 
the Newfoundland feas, where it is called fcalp- 
ing; and alfo on the coaft of Greenland, in which 
country it conftitutes the principal food of the na- 
tives : and, when made into foup, it is faid to be both 
agreeable and wholefome. 
FAUSSE-CHENILI.E. A large clafs of 
worms produced from the eggs of feveral fpecies 
of four-winged flies, and lb denominated by Reau- 
mur and other naturalifts. Thefe worms, with 
refpecl to their general fliape, have fo much the 
appearance of caterpillars, that they have led many 
writers on infefls into an opinion of their being 
really fo. Their bodies, like thofe of caterpillars, 
are long, and compofed of feveral joints or rings; 
their {\dns arc alfo of the fame confiftence; and 
in many fpecies thefe creatures arc variegated 
with the moft beautiful colours, difpofed after 
the fame manner as thofe of fmooth caterpillars. 
Both thefe infefts have a great number of legs, 
of two kinds; fome membranaceous, others 
fcaly. The worm and the caterpillar have each 
fix fcaly legs; but the membranaceous ones are 
different in number, and alone fufficient to con- 
flitute a diftind'ion between them. The caterpil- 
lars never have more than ten of thefe; wliich, 
■with the fcaly ones, make fixteen, the greateft 
number of legs belonging to their kind: but the 
worms have always twelve legs at leaft of the for- 
mer kind; which, together with the fix fcaly ones, 
make the whole number eighteen ; and many fpe- 
cies have that number of membranaceous legs 
alone. ^ The membranaceous leo-s of the worms 
differ alfo from tliofe of the genuine caterpillars, in 
wanting the hooks at their extremities, which thofe 
of the latter have. Hence the legs alone afi-brd a 
fufficient bafis of diftinction between the caterpil- 
lar and the Fauffe-Chenille, or caterpillar-worm. 
But the fhape of their heads affords a ftill more ob- 
vious diilinflion; and by this they may always 
be known at firft fight: the heads of the various 
fpecies of caterpillars are of feveral very difi?erent 
fhapes; fome are fhort, others long; fome are more 
.or lefs deprefllxi ; and fome terminate in a fharp 
point; while others are diftinguiflied by a fort of 
interftice or divifion in the back part. Such are 
the perceptible variations in the heads of the fe- 
veral kinds of genuine caterpillars: but thofe of 
.all the FaufTe-Chenilles are of one lhape, round 
and very convex, fo that they appear as part of a 
fmall fphere. The mouths of thefe and the ge- 
nuine caterpillars are wholly fimilar; and the fi:ig- 
mata arc placed in the lame manner. However, 
the eyes of the two kinds again dillinguifh them; 
the FauflTe-Chenille having only two, which are 
very large and prominent, and placed on each fide 
of the head; whereas the caterpillar has five eyes 
on each fide of it's head, placed in a circular 
direction, and too fmall to be feen with the naked 
eye. 
The FaufiTc-Chenilles likewife differ from the 
F A U 
common caterpillars ih their manner of remaining 
on the leaves of plants : the caterpillar is always 
extended at it's full length when feeding or at: 
reft; but the former, thbugli it ftretches it's body 
to it's full length when feeding always rolls it up 
into a fpiral figuj.-e when at .reft, making fevera? 
circular convolutions, of -^vhich the head is at the 
end of the outermoft, and the tail at tlie very cen - 
tre of the inner one. When feizihg oh their foodj, 
thefe infcfts give themfelves various fingular con- 
tortions ; and it is a very whimfical fight to ob- 
lerve a confidei-able number of thofe kinds which 
live in focicties, attacking different portions of the' 
lame leaf at once, and each giving it's body a dif- 
ferent dircftion at the fame time. 
This creatlire, v/hen it finds the feafcn of it's" 
transformation into the n'-mph ftate approachingj 
begins to forni a caic in which it may undergo thi^ 
change, and remain during tiie deftined time, with- 
out being expofcd to external injuries. For tfiis 
purpofe, it fpins a web of filkj fliaped like a fmall 
egg, which has nothing remarkable externallv;, 
but, when diffefted, it is folmdto be compofed of 
two different fubftances : at leaft, of two fubftancei 
of very different mechanifm, though the materials 
of both are the fame. The exterior cafe is reticu- 
lated, and compofed of very ftrong threads woven 
into a loofe open net-work ; but the interior one is 
formed of extremely fine threads, woven into fuch 
a clofe ftuff" that no loom can equal it's fibric. 
The outer ftrong and coarfe web is evidently in- 
tended for the better c'efending and proteifling the 
infeft from danger; and thofe two diftinft cafes 
barely adhering to one another, when the exterior 
one is feparated, the interior ftill remains compleat. 
The ftrength of the external fliell is extremely re~ 
quifite, as well as the clofe texture of the interna! 
one, to defend the inclofed animal in the nymph 
ftate from feveral devouring infe£ts. The ants, in 
particular, are very fond of thefe nymphs, and will 
hunt out the cafes wherever they are to be found. 
The flies produced from thefe infefts are of that 
kind v/hich are deftitute of trunks, but are fur- 
niflied with ftrong teeth on each fide of their heads, 
which clofing in the middle of tiieir mouths, are able 
to cut any fubftances to pieces which the animals 
have occafion to penetrate. The firft ufe of thefe 
teeth is to eat holes through the double webs, iii 
which thefe creatures find themfelves incloled at 
their birth. All the flies of this kind have a general 
refemblance to each other, and may be traced t6 
the fame family, though very different in colour and 
other obvious characters. They appear a dull in- 
adive race, having very little motion ; their wings 
are always croffed over their bodies, and form a fort: 
of raifed coverings ; they contain feveral promi- 
nences and cavities ; and appear as if they had been 
imperfeftly expanded at the time of their cmergino- 
from the nymph ftate. 
All the females of thefe flies are oviparous; and 
as their eggs muft of neceflity be lodged in cavi- 
ties or niches made in the ftal ks or leaves of grow- 
ing plants, nature has provided each of thefe crea- 
tures widi two inftruments deftined folely for the 
purpofe, and which are real fiws made in the neat - 
eft manner with extremely minute teeth. But not- 
withflanding there arc many different Ipecies of 
flies which have this fort of inflruments, and feve- 
ral of them are very frequent on one of the moft 
common of all garden flirubs, namely, the rofe-trec, 
no author had obferved thefe v/onderful and elegant 
inflj urnents till the time of Vallifnieri;, who has de- 
4 fcribeJ 
