F R I FRO 
tridge genus, to which fome authors have given 
the name of attagen, though they feem to confti- 
tute two diftindl fpecies. The Francohn, pro- 
perly fo called, is a native of the Eaft Indies, and 
fome iflands of the Archipelago. It is fomewhat 
larger than the common partridge ; and each of the 
wings, when clofed, is fix inches long. The bill, 
which is about an inch long, is black, and lliaped 
much like that of the common hen; and the 
tongue and infide of the mouth are of an hazel co- 
lour. The irides are alfo hazel-coloured; and the 
head Is covered with black feathers, except' tliat 
there is a white fpot under each eye, and a fmall 
admixture of red on the crown, with a few fmall 
fpots of white which proceed from the part above 
the eyes, and join on the hinder part of the head. 
The feathers, all round the neck, are of a reddilli 
orange-colour fpeckled with fmall round fpots be- 
hind between the neck and back ; the belly and 
breaft are black; but there are regular round 
white fpots on the fides : there are alfo white fpots 
on the belly and thighs, but thefe are more broken, 
and mixed with a little reddifia colour. The covert- 
feathers under the tail are entirely a reddifli orange ; 
the plumage of the back is black and browniih ; 
and the feathers on the fides of the back, which 
fall partly over the wings, have the black and 
brown indented into each other. The wings 
are dufky, and regularly marked with round, 
light brov/niili fpots ; and the infides of the wings 
are of the fame colour, except that the fpots are 
more broken, and run in tranfverfe lines. The 
lov/er part of the back and the rump are covered 
with variegated plumage, black and white in nar- 
row tranfverfe lines; the tail-feathers are marked in 
the fame manner, except the tips, which, for an 
inch in breadth, are wholly black; the legs and 
feet are overfpread with red fcales ; and three of 
the four toes are connefted near their bottoms by 
membranes. The claws are of a horn colour; 
and the legs of the male are furnifiied with fpurs. 
FREGAROLA. A name given by fome 
writers to the fmall river-fifh well known in Eng- 
land by that of the minnow. 
FREGGIA. A long anguilliform fifh of the 
tffinia kind, more commonly called cavarigo. 
FRINGILLA. The name of a large genus of 
birds of the general order of pafTeres, in the Lin- 
nsean fyftem of zoology. The difcinguifiiing cha- 
raflers of this genus are, that the tongue is whole 
and even; the beak is of a conic, fi;raight, fliarp- 
pointed figure; and one mandible receives the 
other into the finus of it's bafis. Of this genus 
are the chaffinch, goldfinch, linnet, fparrow, &c. 
FRINGILLAGO. An appellation criven by 
fome naturalifts to the whole genus of the tit- 
moufe; while others have refi:rained it to that par- 
ticular fpecies commonly known in England by 
the name of the ox-eye. This bird is confidera- 
bly larger than any of the genus, weighing nearly 
an ounce ; whereas the others feldom exceed three 
drams. The head and throat are black; the 
cheeks are white ; the back is green ; the belly is 
of a yellowifii green hue, divided in the middle by 
a bed of black which extends to the vent; and the 
rump is of a blueifh grey colour. The quill-fea- 
thers are duficy, edged with blue and white; the 
coverts are blue, the greater being tipped with 
white ; the exterior fides of the outmofl: feathers of 
the tail are white, but the reft are blueifh, and 
their interior fides are dufl<y. The legs are of a 
leaden colour ; the toes are divided to the origin ; 
and the back toe, as is common to the whole ge- 
nus, is large and ftrong. This bird, which builds 
it's neft in hollow trees, and lays ten eggs, fome- 
times vifits gardens, and is extremely injurious to 
the fruit-trees. 
FRINGILLAGO AMERICANA CCE- 
RULEA. The American titmoufe; otherwife 
known by it's Brazilian name, guiracenoia. 
FRINGILLARIUS ACCIPITER. A fpe- 
cies of hav/k, called by fome authors nifus; and, 
in England, the fparrow-hawk. 
FRIZONE. An appellation fometimes given 
to the caucothrafi.es, or grofsbcak; called alio the 
haw-finch. 
FR.OG. This animal is too well known to re- 
quire a minute dcfcription ; but fome of it's liabits 
and properties are too fingular and interefiing to 
remain unnoticed. Compared to the bulk of it's 
body, it's leap, orfpring, is rcm.arkably great; and 
it is the moft expert fwimmer of all four-footed 
animals. For thefe purpofes nature has excel- 
lently adapted the parts of this creature; the arms 
being ligiit and a<ftive; and the legs and thighs 
long, and furnifiied with very ftrong mufcles. 
To defcribe the form of animals well known, 
would be fiiperfiuous; but, to mark thofe differ- 
ences which diftinguifii one from another, is by 
no m.eans unnecefifary. The Frog and the toad 
have a general fimilitudc, and yet the lines which 
divide them are unbroken and entire. The Frog 
moves by leaping; the toad crawls along the 
ground. The Frog is in general fmallcr than 
the toad, is of a brighter colour, and has a 
more polifhed furface; the toad is brown, roup-h, 
and duflcy. The Frog is light and nimble, and 
it's belly is fmall in proportion to it's fize; but 
the toad is flov/, corpulent, and heavy. The 
Frog, when caught, raik s up it's back into a kind 
of hump; whereas that of the toad is flraight and 
even. The internal conform.ation of thefe tvvo 
animals is nearly the fame, except that the lungs of 
the toad are more compa6t than thofe of the Froo-; 
and that the former has fewer air-bladders than 
the latter, which renders it lefs adapted for an 
aquatic life. 
The brain of the Frog is but fmall in propor- 
tion to it's fize; it has a very wide fwallow; and a 
ftomach apparently fmall, but capable of great 
diftenfion. The heart, like that of all other ani- 
mals truly amphibious, has but one ventricle; the 
blood, therefore, can circulate, while the creature 
remains under water, without the affiftance of the 
lungs, which refem.ble a number of fmall bladders 
joined together like the cells of a honey-comb; 
they are connefted to the back by mufcles ; and 
the animal can difi:end or exhauft them at plea- 
fure. The male has two tefticuli lying near the 
kidneys; and the female has two ovaries, near the 
fame part; but neither male nor female have any 
evident external infi:ruments of generation, tlie 
anus ferving for that purpofe in both. 
Thefe are the moft ftriking peculiarities in the 
anatomy of the Frog; and in thefe it agrees with 
the toad, the lizard, and the ferpent. The inter- 
nal conformation of all thefe tribes are nearly the 
fame; they are furnifhed with fpongy lungs, a fim- 
ple heart, and appear deftitute of the external mem- 
bers v/hich ferve to continue the kind. 
The common Frog begins to couple early in 
the feafon ; namely, as foon as the ice is thawed 
from the ftagnant waters. In fome places, this 
genial appetite is protrafted by the cold till the 
4 K mondi 
V 
