GAD 
wind: if it comes towards the land, no weft: wind 
is to be expefted for fome time; and the contrary 
when it returns, and keeps at fea. 
The Fulmar, like all the petrels, has a peculiar 
faculty of fpouting from It's bill, to a confidera- 
ble diftance, a large quantity of pure oil; which it 
difcharges, by way of defence, in the face of any 
pcrfon who attempts to feize it. In order to pre- 
ferve this oil, the natives always endeavour to 
catch this animal by furprize: but fometimes it 
fpurts this treafure in their faces while they are 
engaged in the purfuit of other game; and it is 
faid, that to a certain gentleman this unexpefted 
falute really proved fatal, by making him fuddenly 
quit his hold. This oil, exclufive of domeftic 
purpofes, is faid to be very ferviceable in rheu- 
matic cafes. 
The Fulmar is larger than the common gull; 
the bill is very ftrong, yellow, and hooked at the 
extremitv; the noftriis are compofed of two large 
tubes, lodged in one flieath; the head, neck, belly, 
and tail, are white; the back and coverts of the 
wings are afh-coloured ; the quill-feathers are 
dufl<y; the legs are yellow; and, inftead of a back 
toe, it has only a fort of ilraight fpur. 
The Fulmar feeds on the blubber or fat of 
whales, and other animals; which being foon con- 
vertible into oil, fupplies it with the conftant 
means of defence, as well as of provifion for it's 
young, which it nouriflies by injefting that fluid 
into their mouths. It is likewife faid to feed on 
forrel, which probably helps to qualify the unc- 
tuous diet on which it principally fubfifts. 
GAD 
Frederic Martens, who faw vaft numbers of 
thefe birds at Spitzbergen, obferves, that they are 
very bold, hovering round the whale-fifhers in 
large flocks; and that when a whale is taken, in 
fpite of all endeavours to the contrary, thefe crea- 
tures will perch on it, and pick out large lumps 
of fat, even while the animal is alive. Whales are 
alfo frequently difcovered at lea by the multitudes 
of Fulmars which hover over them; and, when a 
Angle whale happens to be wounded, prodigious 
numbers of thefe birds purfue it's bloody .track. 
FUMER. An appellation fomietimes given 
to the pole-cat. 
FUNDULUS. A name uled by various au- 
thors to exprefs the cobitis, called in England the 
loach. 
FuNDULUs is alfo applied by Schoneveldt, and 
fome others, to fignify the common gudgeon. 
The abfurdity and confufion of giving two fiflies 
the fam.e name, which in fa6t is peculiarly appro- 
priated to neither, are very evident in this, and 
numerous other infliances which fall under a na- 
turalift's notice: thus, even the word Gobio, the 
common appellation of the gudgeon, confounds 
that fifli with another very different genus; and 
Artedi deferves fome commendation for clearing 
up this intricacy, by referring the gudgeon to the 
genus of cyprinus; giving it the fpecific name of 
the five-inch fpotted cyprinus, with the lower jaw 
fiiorter than the upper, and with two cirri or 
beards at the mouth. 
EURO. An appellation given by fome au- 
thors to the ferret, called alfo furunculus and idiis. 
G. 
GAD-FLY. A fpecies of oeftrus, having 
fpotted wings, a yellow breaft, a brown band, 
and a yellow abdomen terminating in a black 
point. This infeft is fometimes called the Dun- 
Fly, Ox-Fly, and Breeze-Fly. Like the gnat, 
when examined by the microfcope, it appears to 
have a long probofcis with a fharp dart, and two 
darts ftieathed within it, which penetrate the fli<ins 
of animals, and form a pafl"age for their blood, on 
which the infeft feeds. 
The eggs of the Gad-Fly are fometimes depo- 
fited on the fkins of various quadrupeds, parti- 
cularly thofe of rein-deer, where they often oc- 
cafion incurable diforders. In general, however, 
thefe eggs are laid in the water, each of which 
there produces a remarkable maggot, of a long 
flatted figure, and a brown colour, with a pencil 
of fine downy hairs at it's tail, which it fpreads 
into a circular form on the furface of the water, 
whilft it's head is plunged under it in fearch of 
food. In the aft of defcending, thefe hairs being 
drawn together in an oval form, and made to in- 
clofe a bubble of air, this aflifts the infeft in rifing 
again; and, ihould this bubble happen to burfl:, 
the creature fqueezes another out of it's body, in 
order to fupply it's place. The fn^ut of this mag- 
crot has three divifions, whence are darted three 
little pointed weapons refembling the tongues of 
ferpenrs. 
GADUS. A geniis of the malacopteiygious 
or foft-finncd fifties, in the Artedian fyftem; the 
charafters of which are thefe: the branchioftege 
membrane on each fide contains feven bones of a 
fomewhat cylindric fliape; the back, in fom.e fpe- 
cies, has three fins, and in others only two; and 
the head is generally comprefied, but in fome it 
is depreflTed. 
Artedi enumerates the following difcrimJna- 
tions: thofe which have three fins without any 
cirri, of which there are three fpecies, the whiting, 
the cole-fifli, and the whiting-pollack; thofe 
which have three fins with cirri, to which belong 
the cod-fifli, the haddock, the pouting, and the 
Cornifti poor; and thofe which have two fins on 
the back, comprehending the hake, the ling, the 
eel-pout, and the bearded-gadus with a furrow at 
the firft of the two back-fins, called in Cornwall 
the whiftle-fifti. 
In the Linnsean fyftem, the Gadus is a genus 
of the jugulares. It's charafteriftics are thefe: it 
has a fmooth head; feven fiender branchioftegeous 
rays; an oblong body with deciduous fcales; the 
fins all covered with a common fi<in; and the ven- 
tral fins flender, and terminating in a point. 
GADWAL, 
