of any other colours. The head, neck, back, and 
wings, are all variegated with red and black; and 
the breaft and belly are of the fame colours, except 
that there are fome variegations of white on the 
former. The legs and feet are covered with very 
long and thick plumage to the very extremities of 
the toes; the wings are browniili, with fome red- 
difli fpots; and the tail is almoft wholly black. 
This bird, which generally frequents the tops of 
the higheft hills, is very common in Derbyihire, 
Yorkfnire, and Wales, where it feeds on moun- 
tain-berries and the tender fhoots of the heath. It 
lays feven or eight eggs, of a mixed red and black 
colour, entirely covered with fmall fpots, except 
one or two minute fpaces near the fmaller ends. 
The youn.o: brood follow the hen during the whole 
fumrner; but, in the winter, they join in flocks of 
forty or fifty, when they are remarkably Ihy and 
wild. 
The Italians call this bird and the lagopus bv 
the common name of tlie francolino: and indeed 
Ray imagines that the lagopus of Pliny and this 
bnd are really of the fame fpecies, though diffe- 
rent in colour; but Pennant obferves, that the ac- 
count tranfmitted by Pliny feems too brief and 
indeterminate to enable us to judge what fpecies 
he intended; and that the Italian francolino is not 
the fame with our grous, feems evident from the 
accurate figure from the life exhibited by Ed- 
wards. 
GOPvAIS. A name fometimes ufed to exprefs 
the more comm.on fpecies of the caradius. 
GOSHAWK; the Falco Pakimbarius of Lin- 
naeus. This bird is larger than the common buz- 
zard, and of a longer and more elegant conforma- 
tion : the bill is blue towards the bafe, and black at 
the tip; the Ikin at the bafe of the bill is of a yel- 
lowilk green colour; over each eye there is a long 
white line; and on each fide of the neck a bed of 
broken white. The head, the hind part of the 
neck, the back, and the wings, are of a deep 
brown colour; the breaft and belly are white beau- 
tifully marked with numerous tranfverfe bars of 
black and white; the tail is long, and of a brown- 
ifh afli-colour, marked with four or five duflvy 
bars placed at confiderable intervals; the legs are 
yellow; and the claws are blackifh. 
Willughby diftinguifhes this Ipecies and the 
fparrow-havv'k by the name of fliort-winged hawks, 
becaufe their wings, when clofed, do not reach fo 
far as the end of dieir tails. The Gofhawk was in 
high eftimation while falconry flourifned, and 
taught principally to puriue cranes, geefe, phea- 
fants, and partridges. It breeds in Scotland, v/here 
it builds it's neft in lofty trees: it is extremely de- 
llruftive to game, darting through the woods after 
it's prey with vaft impetuofity; but if the objeft 
of it's purfuit eludes it's firft attack, it almoft imi- 
mediatcly defifts, and perc'nes on fome bough till 
new game prefents itfelf. 
GOURD-WORM. The Englifli name of a 
fpecies of Worm found in the inteftines of feveral 
animals; and which receives it's name from it's 
refemblance to the feed of the gourd. 
GOWRY. The Englifii appellation for the 
cyprfEa; a genus of univalve fiiells, fuboval, and 
blunt at each end; having the aperture the whole 
length of the fhell, longitudinal, linear, and 
toothed. The inclofed animal is a Aug. 
GOV/RY BIRD. This bird, wliich appears 
to be a native of the Eaft Indies, is called by Al- 
bin the Chinefe Iparrow. The bill is of a leaden 
G R A 
colour, and refembles that of the green-finch; tlie 
eyes are of a dark hazel-colour; the head, neck, 
beginning of the bread, back, wings, and tail, are 
a dark reddifh brown ; the fore-part of the neck 
has fomewhat of apurplifh caft; the greater quills 
are of a deeper biown hue than the reft of the 
wings; the rump is of a lighter green ifh brov/n; ' _ 
the breaft and the fides of the belly are black 
thinly fprinkled with fmall round white fpots of 
the fize of a rape-feed; the middle of the belly, the 
thighs, lower belly, and covert-feathers under the 
tail, are light brown or dirty white; and the legs 
and feet are of a blueifli, or lead-colour. 
GRAINING. A fifin of the dace kind, caught 
in the River Merfey near Warrington. It bears 
a ftrong refemblance to the dace, but is more (len- 
der, and the back is ftraighter. It's ufual length 
is about feven inches and a half. The colour of 
the back is filvery with a blueifli caft; the eyes, 
and the ventral and anal fins, are a pale redj and 
the peftoral fin is a deep red. 
GRALL/E. An order of birds analogous to 
the bruta, in the clafs of mamm.alia, in the IJn- 
nsean fyfiem ; the charafters of v/hich are thefe: 
the beak is fubcylindric and fomicwhat obtufe ; the 
tongue is entire and flelhy; and the thighs above 
the knees are bare. 
This order contains eighteen genera; among 
which are the phoenicopterus, the ardea, the fco- 
lopax, the tringa, &c. 
GRAMPUS; the Delphinus Orca of LinnjEus» 
This fifh is caught from fifteen to twenty-five 
feet in length: it is remarkably thick; and fo ex- 
tremely voracious, that it will not even fpare the 
porpus, a congenerous fifli. It is alfo faid to be 
very inimical to the v,hale; and that it will hang 
on it, like a dog on a bull, till the animal roars 
through pain. The nofe is flat, and reverted at 
the extremity; there are thirty teeth in each jaw; 
thofe before being blunt, round, and flender; the 
hinder fliarp and thick; and between each there 
is a fpace adapted to receive tlie teeth of the op- 
pofite jaw when the mouth is clofed. Thefpout- 
hole is in the top of the neck; and, with refpeft to 
the number of fins, this fifh agrees with the dol- 
phin. The back is black, but on eacli Ihoulder 
there is a lare-e white fpot; the fides are mnrbled 
with black and white ; and the belly is of a fnowy 
whitenefs. 
Thefe animals fomiCtimes appear on the Britifii 
coafts; but are found in much greater numbers off 
the North Cape of Norway, whence they are alfo 
called the North Capers. Like the reft of the ce- 
taceous tribes, they fwim againft the wind; and 
are obferved to be much difturbed, and to tum.bie 
about with unufual violence, on the approach of 
a ftorm. 
Linnsus and Artedi affert, that this fpecies is 
furnifhed with broad ferrated teeth; a quality 
which feems peculiar to the fhark tribe: but Sir 
Robert Sibbald, wlio had an opportunity of ex- 
amining and figuring the teeth of this fifli, and 
from whom we have copied our defcription, gives 
a very different account of them. 
GRANIVOROUS. An epithet given to ani- 
mals which feed principally on grain: fuch are 
chiefly of the feathered kind. 
GRASHOPPFR. A fpecies of gryllus, 
commonly called the cicada, though under that 
term the ancients expreffed a very different ani- 
mal from that which the moderns call the Grafh- 
opperi for whereas the infeft now under confi- 
deration 
