H A R 
H A R 
they reiterate it, by j'.ift intervals, at night and 
morning, but feldom in the day-time. 
The female brings forth fix young at a time, 
blind, and dcftitute of hair: fhe fuckles them 
often; aiid carefully covers them with the materials 
of her neft. 
Thefe creatures are extremely harmlefs and in- 
offenfivc, and eafily tamed. 
Hare, American. This animal is eighteen 
inches long; and fometimes v/cighs upwards of 
four pounds. The ears are tipt with grey; the 
up].>cr part of the tail is black, and the lower 
white ; the neck and body are mixed with cine- 
reous, ruft-colour, and black; the belly is white; 
and the legs are a pale ferruginous. 
This fpecies inhabits all parts of North Ame- 
rica. Li the fouthern provinces of the United 
States, it retains it's colours through every feafon 
of the year without variation; but, in New Eng- 
land, Canada, and Fludfon's Bay, it changes it's 
fliort fummer fur, at the approach of v/inter, for 
one very long, filky, and flvery; the edges of the 
cars only preferving their colour. At this fealbn 
it is in the higheft perfection for the table; and af- 
fords many excellent repafts to thofe who winter in 
that inhofpi table climate. 
Thefe Hares breed twice a year, and produce 
from five to leven at a time. They lodge under 
fallen tlniber, and in hollow trees; and in fprino- 
fhelter their young m the woods, to which, v,'hen 
purfued, they run for proteftion. They never 
burrow nor migrate, but always frequent the lame 
places. 
Hare, Java, or Sumatra; the Mus Ixpo- 
rinus of Linnaeus. This animal polfeires the fime 
general chara6lers with the Guinea-pig kind : it's 
head is fmall and flender; it's ears are prominent, 
naked, and round; the upper part of it's body is 
of a reddifli colour; the breaft and belly are white; 
the legs are long; the fore-feet are furnifhed with 
four toes, the hind with three; and the tail is fnort. 
This creature is equal in fize to the Common Hare. 
HARENGIFORMES. A genus of filhes, 
approaching to the herring in fhape: the principal 
charafter of which is, that a ferrated line, com- 
pofed of two fcales, runs along the bottom of the 
belly; to which may be added, that the fides and 
belly are of a bright filver colour i and that the 
fcales are large and loofe. 
H A RENGU S . See Herring. 
HARLEQUIN DOG. A fpecies of Dog not 
very dillimilar to the fmall Danifh Dog, except 
that it is longer, and generally of a black and 
white colour: however, there are fome white and 
cinnamon, and others mottled with various co- 
lours. 
HARP-SHELL. An appellation given to a 
fpecies of dolium. See Dolium, and Lyra. 
HARRIER. A well-known kind of dog, re- 
markable for his fagacity in tracing, and boldnefs 
in purfuing his game. There are feveral varieties, 
but all differing in their fervices; fome being 
adapted for the purfuit of one fort of game, and 
fome for another. See Dog. 
HART. A ftag, or male deer, which has 
compleated his fifth year. If the king or queen 
hunt him, and he efcape, he is called a Royal Hart: 
if, in confequence of fuch hunting, he is driven 
out of the forell, proclamation is ufually made in 
the adjacent places, that, from a regard to the en- 
tertainment the animal has afforded the fbvereign, 
no perfon is to hunt him, or prevent his returning 
to his former cover; on which he has ufually been 
called a Hart Royal Proclaimed. See Deer. 
HARVEST-FLY; Cicada. The name of a 
large Fly, remarkable for the noife which it makes 
during the fummer m.onths, and particularly about 
the time of harvefl. Authors in general have 
tranflated Cicada by the Englifh word Grafliop- 
per; but this is extremely erroneous, the Cicada 
being a very different creature from the grafhop- 
per. In France, where it is very common, it is 
called the Cigale. Italy, and all the warm cli- 
mates of Europe, abound with it; and, in almofl 
every country where it is found, the vulgar give it 
a nam/e exprefTing the Harvefl-Fly; but in Eng- 
land this infcft is wholly unknown. It is proba- 
ble, therefore, that our authors, who, according to 
the defcription of the anpicnts, found the Cicada 
very noify, fimcied the grafnopper muft be the 
fame creature, this being the moll querulous of all 
Eiigiilh infeds in the fummer fealbn. 
The Cicada is furniihed witii four wings j and 
it's body is fliort and thiick. I'he great, or com- 
mon Cicada, is by far the largcil of any known 
fpecies of fliort-bodied flies; and even the iinaller 
kinds are larger than the hornet. 
To the two fpecies of Cicads mentioned by 
Ariftotle and the other ancient v/riters, Reaumur 
has added a third, of the middle fize between the 
achetje and the tettigonix of antiquity, the greater 
and lefTer Cicadre of the moderns. 
Thefe three fpecies differ not only in magni- 
tude, but alfo in colour. The large kind is of a 
deep black brown hue, v/ith a fmall admixture of 
yellow on the breaft, and on fome of the rings of 
the body: the middle-fized kind, firft noticed by 
Reaumur, is of a paler brown colour, and contains 
more yellov/; but is more particularly diflinguifhed 
by two crofs lines of yellow, which bear fome re- 
femblance to the Roman X: and the third kind, 
the linalleft of all, is of a reddifh colour with a 
confiderable quantity of yellow. Thefe are the 
diftinftions of Reaumur; who, with a candour that 
does him honour, acknowledges, that he had not 
fuch flivourable opportunities as he could have 
wifned of examining the Cicada; of different coun- 
tries; and is of opinion, that future naturalifls will 
increafe the catalogue of fpecies. 
It lias been generally i'uppofed, that the noife 
which the Harveft-Fly, or the Cicada, makes, is 
occafioned by a fwift motion of the wings, and 
their fri6lion againft the breaft; together with the 
grating of the under pair of wings in their pafTage 
againft the upper ones. Were this the real cafe, 
it would be difficult to affign a reafon why the fe- 
male Cicada fliould not emit the fame found as 
the male, fince flie is furnifhed with exa6lly the 
fame organs for finging: but, in fa£l, the matter 
is far otherwife; and the bare inlpeftion of the 
body of the male Cicada will prove, that the noife 
muff originate fiom other caufcs than have com- 
monly been believed. If with metaphyfical pre- 
cifion we only allow that to be a voice, which is 
an articulation of the air, thrown from the lungs 
in it's pafTage through the larynx, and other cor- 
refponding parts, then indeed the Cicada has pro- 
perly no voice; but if vv'e extend the meaning of 
the term., and include the feveral founds made by 
infefts with other organs, vet intelligible to their 
fellow infctfls, we muft allow the Cicada has a 
voice, and in reality a ftrong one, the organs of 
which are not in the lungs and throat, but in the 
belly, as has been fully proved by Reaumur in 
his 
