HAW 
H A W 
his Hiflory of InfeAs. By the admirable re- 
fearches of this ingenious naturalift, it appears, that 
though the female Cicada is deftitute of the organs 
of found which are found in the male, fhe has ne- 
verthelefs an inPcrument of peculiar fervice for 
lodo-ino- her e2"p-s in fafetVj with which the other 
fex is not fupplied. That the eggs of the Cicada 
may fucceed properly in hatching, it is neceffiry 
that they fnould be lodged in the fubftance of the 
wood; and for this purpofe the indTument of the 
female is peculiarly adapted. Indeed, moll other 
infeils which depofit their eggs in wood, prefer 
the young branches and flioots of trees and fnrubs 
in a ftate of vea;etation, where the eg;.>;s receive nou- 
rifhment from the circulating juices: the Cicada, 
on the contrary, aware that her eggs only want a 
proper lodgment, always lays them in dry or rot- 
ten fuicks. She feizes whatever kind of wood fiie 
meets with anfwering this defcription; and, mak- 
ing a row of perforations, puts an egg into each. 
Leaving their firft exuviae in the nefi:, the young 
infefts quit their holes; and immediately dropping 
on the ground, make their way into it, and remain 
buried for fome time in the form of hexapode 
worms. Having continued a fhort fpace in thofe 
fubterraneous retreats, they become transformed 
into a fort of nymphs, endowed v/ith a locomodve 
power, though they have not attained to their per- 
fefl growth. Thefe creatures remain in the 
nymph ftate two years; and, at the approach of 
their final transformation into the fly-ftate, they 
quit the earth, crawl up the bodies of trees, and 
faftening themfelves to die branches, pafs through 
the various changes allotted to the infeft tribe be- 
fore they arrive at a ftate of perfection; after which 
they become denizens of the fl^y. 
In hot climates, thefe infefts are extremely dif- 
agreeable, on account of their difcordant, grating 
noife. The ancients, indeed, revenged theinfelves 
by eating them, and accounted them an excellent 
difh in all their ftates; but v/ere particularly fond 
of the nymph, or tetty-gometra. They alfo pre- 
ferred the females, when they were full of eggs ; 
and the males, before they had performed the bu- 
finefs of impregnation, becaufe of the quantity of 
femen they contained, 
HASELA. A frefh-water filh of the malacof- 
tomous or leather-mouthed kind ; by fome reputed 
a fpecies of the mullet; and, by others, of die 
chubb. It is a fmooth, foft, and fmali fifh, having 
an oblong and flender body; and feldom exceeds 
fix inches in length. It is in the higheft perfection 
during the months of April and May; and is 
caught both in lakes and rivers, 
HAVELDA. An appellation given to a bird 
of the duck kind common in Iceland. It is the 
anas caudata Ifiandica of naturaiifts, or the long- 
tailed Iceland duck. 
I-IAUSTELUUM, A nam.e fometimes ufed 
to exprefs a peculiar kind of fiiell-filli of the ge- 
nus of purpura; called in French the becaffe; and 
in Englifli, the woodcock-fliell. It's beak is re- 
markably long and flender. There are feveral 
Ijiecies, fome of them extremely elegant. 
HA.UTIN. A provincial appellation for the 
fifli called alfo the outin, and known among natu- 
ralifts by the name of the oxyrinchus. 
HAWFINCH; the Loxia Coccothrauftes of 
L,inn£us. An Englifh name for the grosfbeak, 
called frizone by the Italians. See Grossbeak. 
HAWK, A predaceous bird of a bold and 
generous nature, of v/hich there are feveral fpecies. 
In the Linnrean diftribution, the Flawk gives 
name to a whole order of birds, diftinguifhed by a 
hooked beak projefting on both fides from the up- 
per mandible; and comprencnds four genera, the 
vuIiTire, the falcon, the owl, and the butcher-bird* 
Naturaiifts are far from being unanimous with 
refpeft to the aumiber and divifion of the Hawk 
kind. However, the moft commodious diftribu- 
t!on is into the lono- and fhort- win Q-ed kinds: the 
former includes the falcon tribe, properly fo called; 
and the latter the Flawks, fuch as the Sparrov/- 
FCawk and the Gos-FIawk, 
Hawk, Ring-Tailed, This fpecies, which 
is a native of Hudfon's Bay, v/as firit defcribed by 
the ingenious Edwards. It is about the fize of 
the common crow; the bill is of a dark horn-co- 
lour, and hooked j ss in other Hawks; and die; 
cere is yellow, and thinl); befet with black fdfF fea- 
thers, which aifo furround the angles of the mouth. 
The head is duflcy or blackifli, with a imaii ad- 
mixtUx'-e of vdiite on the forehead near the bill; 
the hinder part of the head, and the fcre-part of 
the neck, are clay-coloured mottled vv'ith duflcy 
brown ; the upper part of the neck, the back, and 
the wings, are dufi;y brown; but the edges of 
fome of the middle quills are cinereous. The in- 
ner coverts are fprinkled with fimall brown fpotsj 
and the inner webs of the quills are tranfverfely 
barred v./ith faint, narrow, duflcy lines. The rum.p 
and the covert-feathers of the tail are v/hite, whicri 
uniting v/ith the white feathers beneath the tail, 
form a v/hite ring-; the middle feathers of the tail 
are dullcy, and the next on each fide of a blueifa 
afh-coiour; but the exterior are white; and all of 
them, are marked with eight dufky lines. The 
belly, breaft, thighs, and coverts under the tail, 
are white, with reddifh brown fpots tranfverfely 
waved on th.e breaft and thigh.s, in the form of 
hearts on the beginning of the belly, and of cref- 
cents on the lower belly and the coverts under the 
tail. The legs and feet are of a gold colour; the 
exterior toe is joined to the middlemofc by a mem- 
brane; and the claws are black. 
Hawk, Indian, Black and Orange-Co- 
loured. This bird, which is a native of the Bra- 
zils, is fmall-fized, but extremely ftrong in it's 
make: the bill is perfeftly aquiline; the thighs are 
brawny; the legs are thick and fhort; and the toes 
are armed with very fharp and ftrong talons; fo 
that it may with propriety be called the Little Ea- 
gle. The bill is afh-coloured, and covered at the 
bafe with a yellow fidn ; the eyes are furrounded 
with yellow fpaces, encircled with black feathers, 
v/hich terminate in lines of the fame colour drawn 
down each fide of the head and neck; and thefe 
black lines are again encompalTed with white, ex- 
tending to the bafe of the bill. The top of the 
head, the upper fide of the neck, the back, and the 
upper fides of the wings and tail, are black, fnin- 
ing with a blue and purplifli glofs; the fides of the 
wings are alio black; the covert-feathers within- 
fide the v/ings are white; and the inner webs of the 
greater wing-feathers, and thofe of the tail, are 
tranfverfely barred with white and black. The 
under-fide of the bird, from the bill to the tail, is 
of a bright orange-colour; the legs and feet are of 
a bright gold-colour; and the claws are black. 
Hawk, Marsh. This bird is very large; it's 
wings, when extended, meafuring three feet and a 
half from tip to tip; and from the extremity of the 
bill to the end of the tail it is two feet Ions;, The 
bill is of a blueifli colour; at the bafis of the up- 
4 Z per 
