me progrefs of gangrenes, and difTipates ftrumous j 
fweilings. It is alfo faid to be beneficial in the 
quinfevj if the parts affecled are anointed with a 
mixture of this and honey. 
The Dutch Herring-fifhery commences on the 
fourteenth of June, in which no lefs than a thou- 
sand veflels are em.ployed: thefe, which are called 
bufTes, carry from forty-five to fifty tons, befides 
two or three fmall cannon. None of them are al- 
lowed to quit their ports v/ithout a convoy, unlefs 
they carry twenty pieces of cannon colleftiveiy, in 
which cafe they are permitted to fail in company. 
Before they proceed on their voyage, the owners 
make a verbal agreement, which carries in it all 
the force and authority of the moil folemn com- 
paft. The regulations of the admiralty of Hol- 
land, with a few variations, are followed by the 
French and other nations: the principal of which 
are 5 that no fiflier fliall caft his net within one 
hundred fathoms of another's boat; that v/hile the 
nets are caft, a light fliall be kept on the hind-part 
of each veffel; that when a boat is obliged by any 
accident to defift from fifliing, the light fliall be 
caft' into the fea; and likewife, that when the ma- 
jority of the fleet leaves off fifhing, the reft fhall 
be obliged to do the fame. 
From the middle of September to die middle 
of Oftober is the moft fuccefsful period for fifhing 
on the Norfolk and Suffolk coafts. The nets 
which are ufed for Herrings are about five yards 
deep, and tvv'enty-five long; and fometimes fuch 
numbers of them are united, that they will take 
in a mile in compafs. The fi-lkermen are dire6led 
to thofe fpots where the Flerrings are moft nume- 
rous by the hoverings and motions of the fea- 
birds, which continually purfue them in ex- 
peftation of prey. As the fifliermen row gently 
along, they let their nets fall into the fea, fteer- 
3ng their courfe, as nearly as they are able, againft 
the tide; fo that, when they draw them, they 
may have the affiftance of the tide. As foon as 
'any boat lias procured a lading, it makes to the 
Ihore, and delivers the fifh to thofe perfons who 
are appointed to wafh and gut them. They dif- 
tinguiili their Herrina:s into fix diff*erent forts: 
the Fat Herring, which is the largeft and thickeft 
of all, and will keep about two or three months; 
the Meat-Herring, which is likewife large, but 
lefs fat and thick than the former; the Night- 
Herring, which is of a middling fize ; the Pluck, 
which has been fomewhat damaged in catchine; ; 
the Shotten Flerring, which has loft it's fpawn, or 
milt; and the Copflien, which by fome accident or 
other has been deprived of it's head. 
All thefe kinds of Herrings are depofited in a 
tub with flit or brine, where they are permiitted to 
lie for twenty-four hours : they are then taken out, 
put into v/icker-baftiets, and v»^aftied; after which, 
they are fixed on fiTiall wooden fpits, and hung up 
in chimnies built for that purpofe, at fuch dif- 
tances that the fmoke may have free accefs to 
them all. When thefe places, which will contain 
ten or twelve thoufand fifli, are filled, a quantity 
of billets is laid on the floor, and fet fire to, in or- 
der to dry them ; and the doors and air-holes be- 
ing clof'ly ftiut, the whole place is immediately 
filled with fmoke. This operation is repeated 
every quarter of an hour: fo that a fingie barrel of 
Herrings requires five hundred billets to dry 
them. A laft- confifts of ten barrels, and each bar- 
rel contains about a thoufand Herrings; which, 
when thus prep red and di ied, receive the appel- 
lation of Red- Herrings, 
The Dutch are moft expert in pickling thefe 
fifti J and for that purpofe they take them about the 
middle of fummer. Their ufual metliod of pro- 
cedure is as follows : As foon as the Flerrings are 
liberated from, the nets, thev are gutted and 
waftied; then they are put into ftrong brine, made 
of water and fea-fait, for fifteen hours; after which 
they are taken cut, well drained, and regularly 
difpofed into barrels, with a layer of fait at the 
bottom of each, and another at the top. Care is 
likewife taken that no air be admitted, nor the 
brine fuffercd to leak; either of which would be 
inkirious to the prefervation of the fifti. 
IIFRRING GULF; the Larus Fufcus of 
Linnaeus. A bird of the larus kind, about the 
fize of tlie duck, remarkable for it's voracioulhefs, 
and particularly for devouring vaft numbers of 
Herrings. See Gull, Herring. 
HIATICULA. See Lark, Sea. 
HIATULA. An appellation given by fome 
naturalifts to the fifli more uftially called the 
channa. 
HiATULA is alfo a name by which Gaza and 
fome others have called die chama, a genus of 
fhell-fifti diftinguifiicd from other kinds by always 
keeping it's fhell in fomie meafure open ; and, in 
many fpecies, it is incapable of ftiutting it entirely. 
HICKWALL. A fmall fpecies of wood- 
pecker, called by authors picus varius minor: it 
weighs about an ounce; and it's colours are a 
beautiful variegation of black, white, and brown. 
The male has a red fpot on the crown of the head, 
and the female a red onej which marks fufficiently 
diftinguifii the fexes. 
HIMANTOPUS. An aquatic bird confti- 
tuting a fpecies of charadrius in the Linnaean fyf- 
tem, very remarkable for the length and flender- 
nefs of it's legs. The breaft, belly, and throat, 
are entirely white; the back, wings, and beak, are 
blackifli; the tail is of a whitifh grey colour; the 
neck is marked with feveral oblong black fpots 
drawn downwards ; and the legs and feet are red. 
HIND. A female ftag of the third year. See 
Deer. 
HIPPELAPHUS. An animal of the deer 
kind, faid to be found in fome parts of Norway. 
It is about the fize of the elk; and, with relpedl to 
fhape, partakes both of the horfe and the ftag. 
The chin and throat are furniftied with a kind of 
beard; the body is well compadled; the legs are 
long and flender; and the tail is very fiiort. This 
animal has a mane like that of the horfe; a pro- 
longation of which is perceptible from the flioul- 
ders to the tail along the dorfal fpine. 
HIPPO. A fpecies of coluber; the fcuta of 
whofe abdomen are a hundred and fixty, and the- 
fquamfe of the tail a hundred. 
HIPPOBOSCOS. The name given by na- 
turalifts to the horfe-fly, and forming a genus of 
the diptera clafs of iniects in the Linnjean fyftem. 
The Hippobofcos is about the fize of the com- 
mon fly; it's body is broad, flat, fnicoth, and of 
fuch a firm texture, that it is with difficulty cruihed 
or broken by the fingers. It is remarkable for the 
obliouity of it's flio-ht. 
Fl'lPPOCAMPUS. This creature, which is 
ufually caught in the Mediterranean, is a ipecies 
of the fyngnarhus in the Linnsean fyftem. It's 
namiC is derived from Ippos, a Horfe; and Kamipe, 
a Caterpillar; it's head refembling a horfe, and the 
reft of it's body a caterpillar. 
The Flippocampus is frequently caught about 
three inches in length ; it is as thick as the fore- 
finger 
