HOG 
and defend themfelves froin beafts of prey with 
conduct and refolution. Their moft formidable 
enemy is the jaguar, or American leopard ; and the 
body of that animal is frequently found with feve- 
ral of thefc Hogs, flain in combat. Dog-s feldom 
poffefs courage enough to attack themj and, if 
wounded, they will even turn on the human fpe- 
ciesj and contend to the laft. They feed on fruits, 
vegetables, roots, and reptiles. Their flefh is faid 
to be tolerable food; but, as foon as they are killed, 
their dorfal glands muft be extradled, otherwife 
their flefh immediately becomes tainted; and 
when this operation is deferred for only half an 
hour, the infeftion communicated to their flcfli 
proves fo very ftrong, that it is not eatable, nor 
even fupportable. 
Thefe animials, though naturally wild, are capa- 
ble of being tamicd; but they never fhew any figns 
of docility or attachment. They are remarkably 
fierce in defence of their young; they furround the 
plunderer, attack him with inconceivable fury, and 
{i-equently make his life pay the forfeit of his te- 
merity. Like the common Hogs, they are very 
prolific; and the young follow their dams till they 
arrive at perfeftion. 
Hog, Indian; the Sus Duobus Dentibus Ca- 
ninis Fronti Innatis of Linnsus. This animal 
has forne weak bridles along the back; but the 
refl: of the body is covered with fine fhort wool, 
refembling that of the lamb: the tail ends in a 
tuff, and is often twiftcd; the body is plum.p and 
fixed; the head is oblong and narrow; and the 
ihout is adapted for digging the earth. The ears 
are fmall, ereft, and fharp-pointed; and the eyes 
are difproportionably minute. There are four 
cutting-teeth in the upper, and fix in the lower 
jaw, with fix grinders to each jaw; there are alfo 
two tufks in the lower jaw, pointing towards the 
eyes, and projefting almoft eight inches out of 
their fockets. From two fockets on the external 
part of the upper jaw proceed two other teeth, 
twelve inches long, and bending like horns, the 
ends of which almofir touch the forehead. 
This curious creature inhabits Buero, a fmall 
ifiand near Amboyna: it is alfo found in Celebes, 
but neither on the continent of Afia nor Africa. 
It is fometimes dom.efticated in the Indian iflands. 
In a v;ild ftate, it is a gregarious animal, feeding 
on vegetables, but never ravaging gardens like 
other fwine. When purfued and driven to extre- 
mities, it will plunge into the fea, and fwim to ano- 
ther ifland. Though furnilhed with very formi- 
dable tufks, they are totally ufelefs in combat ; and 
are only employed by the animal in fufpending it 
from the bough of fome tree. The feet refemble 
thofe of the European Hog; and the legs are long 
and flender. 
HOG FISH. A frefh-water fifn about a fpan 
long: the colour of the fcales inclines to a black- 
ifh green; the fins and tail are of the fame colour; 
and the eyes are yellow. It is a native of the Eafl 
Indies ; and it's flefh is plump, firm, and agreeable. 
HOG, SEA. This fifh is about fifteen inches 
in length, and feven in breadth. The fkin is ex- 
tremely thick; and the fcales are fo clofe and hard, 
that they are almoft impenetrable by any inftru- 
ment; but, when boiled, they fall off with eafe, 
and the fkin becomes very foft. The flefli is 
white, tender, and delicious. The mouth is fmall, 
but armed with two rows of fliining teeth; the 
back is brown, and furnifhed with a fharp fin, 
which the fifn can ered at pleafurej and oppofite 
to this is another on the beiiv. The fides are 
white mixed with yellow, which gradually turns 
to an afh-coloUr on the back; .md the belly is of 
a fhining filvery whitenefb. 
HOG LOUSE. This infeft is about half an 
inch in length, and a quarter in breadth. The 
colour is a livid black, efpecially when found on 
dunghills; but fucli as frequent dry fituations are 
cinereous. It has fourteen feet, each having a 
fingle joint; and alio two fhort feelers, Tne body 
is of an oval fliapc; but, when touched, the ani- 
mal rolls itfelf up into a kind of ball. It is often 
found amono- rotten timber, and on dec lyed trees ; 
and in winter takes up it's lodging in the chinks of 
walls. The female lays a confiderable number of 
v/hite fliining eggs, which, when fii-ft hatched, 
produce a whitiih fort of worm, apparently with- 
out life or miOtion. 
This infecl is efleemed very efKcacious in medi- 
cine: it is prefcribed as diuretic and aperient; and 
is often given with fuccefs for dimnefs of fi jht. 
HOITLALLOTL. An American bird de- 
fcribed by Nieremberg, and by him called Avis 
Longa. It runs with extraordinary fwii'aiefs. The 
body and tail are uncom,monly long; the beak is 
alfo very long, black above, and grey beneath; 
the Vv'hole body is of a yellowifli white colour, 
except that the fl^.ouklers are variegated with black 
and white fpots, and that the rump is of a blackifli 
yellow hue; and the tail, which is green, pofTefTes 
all the fplencior and vivid beauty of the peacock's. 
The flefh is almoil unfit for food. 
HOITZITZIL. An appellation given by 
fome naturalifts to the guainumbi, or humming- 
bird, the fnalleft of die feathered tribe. 
HOITZITZILLIN. An American bird de- 
fcribed by Nieremberg; the beauty of whofe fea- 
thers is fo much efleemed among the Indians, that 
it is not lawful to kill it, but only to flrip it of it's 
plumage, and then turn it loofe. Flernander in- 
forms us, that the natives allure thefe beautiful 
birds to limie-twigs placed for catching them, by 
ftrewing boiled Indian wheat around. They fly in 
large flocks, neflle together on trees, and make a 
confufed hiffing noife. 
HOLIBUT; the Pleuronedes Hippoglofliis of 
Linnjeus. This is the largefl fifh of the flounder 
genus : fome have been caught in the Britifh feas 
v/eighing from two to three hundred pounds ; and 
in thofe of Newfoundland, Greenland, and Ice- 
land, much larger are found. Indeed, they con- 
ftitute no inconfiderable part of the food of the 
Greenlanders; being cut into large flips, and dried 
in the fun. 
Thefe fifh are commonly expofed to fale in the 
London m.arkets, cut into large pieces. Their 
flefii is extremely coarfe, except that part which 
adheres to the lateral fins; and it is fat and deli- 
cious, but furfeitin^. With refpe6t to it's length, 
the Holibut is the narrowcft of any of the genus, 
except the fole; and is perfeftly linooth, and defti- 
tute of fpines. The upper part is duflcy, and the 
under of a pure white colour. It is the moft vo- 
racious of all flat fifli; and has been known even 
to fwallow the lead weight at the end of a line with 
which the feamen were founding. 
HOLOSTEUM. An appelladon by which 
Bellonius diftinguifhes the oflracion, a fifh caught 
in the River Nile, covered wdth a hard flielly fkin, 
and approaching in it's fhape to a pentangular 
figure. 
HOLOTHURlA. A genus of fea- worms of 
the 
