Arabians: they begin to back them when only 
about feven or eight months old, placing their 
children on them, who eafily manage them at that 
early age. Thus they break them by degrees; 
till at laft, when they are about fix or feven years 
old, they are able to endure the greateft hardlliips: 
fome of them have been known to march two or 
three days without ever halting; and to be with- 
out any provender for five or fix, except a handful 
ofgrafs every eight hours; and, befides, toabftain 
from drinking for twenty-four hours together. Thele 
Horfes, however, lofe all their ftrengdi when in- 
troduced into China or the Indies ; but they fecm 
rather to improve in Turky and Perfia. 
There are alio fine Horfes in Mingrelia and 
Circaflia; and fome which are highly valued in 
the Ukraine, Wallachia, Poland, and Sweden : 
but of fuch we have no particular account. 
If we confult the ancients refpe6ling the nature 
and qualities of Horfes of dift-erent countries, we 
fhall find that the Grecian, and particularly the 
Theflalian, were reputed excellent for warlike pur- 
pofes; that thole of Achaia were remarkable for 
their fize; that the moft beautiful came from Egypt, 
and v/ere alfo extremely prolific; that the Horfes of 
Ethiopia were of but fmall effimation; that Arabia 
and Africa furnifhed very beautiful flieeds, and 
well adapted for the courfe; that thofe of Italy, 
and particularly of Apulia, vv'ere very good ; that 
the Horfes of Sicily, Cappadocia, Syria, Armenia, 
Media, and Perfia, were equally efteemed for their 
fieetnefs and vigour; that the Sardinian and Corfi- 
can Horfes, though fmall, were fpirited and cou- 
rageous; that thofe of Spain refembled the Par- 
thian in being well adapted for war; that in Walla- 
chia and Tranfylvania, there were Horfes with 
bufhy tails, and manes pendent to the ground, 
which were extremely fvvift and aclive; that the 
Danifli Horfes were excellent leapers; that thofe 
of Scandinavia were fmall, but well-fhaped and 
a6live ; that the Flanders breed was ftrong; that 
the Gallic Horfes were very ufeful in carrying 
burdens ; that thofe of Germany were diminutive, 
ill-fiiaped, and unferviceable ; that the Swifs and 
Hungarian Horfes were valuable; and, finally, 
that thofe of India were very diminutive, feeble, 
and timid. 
Such are the different accounts of the diftinfl 
races of Horfes in various parts of the world, both 
in ancient and modern times : but, refpeift- 
ing animals fo intimately conneded with man, 
and fo immediately under his care, nothing can be 
advanced which is applicable to all times and cli- 
maces. According to the degree of cultivation 
bt .lowed on them, Horfes either improve or de- 
g-^nerate: their qualities of fagacity and docility 
alone remain inherent; and thefe neither change 
of climate nor diverfity of management is able 
to obliterate. 
Though Horfes are endowed with amazing 
ftrength, they feldom exert it to the prejudice of 
their mafiers: on the contrary, they endure the 
greateft fatigue for their benefit. They poffefs 
benevolent difpofitions ; and a dread of the human 
n.ce, together widi a certain confcioufnefs of the 
fcrvices they are capable of rendering them. 
Hoofed quadrupeds are in general domeftic, 
necefiity compelling them to folicit our proteftion. 
Wild animals are furnillied with feet and claws 
adapted to the formation of dens and retreats from 
the inclemencies of the weather ; but the former 
are obliged to have recourfe to man for artificial 
H O R 
fhelter, as nature, in all climates, does not fup- 
ply them with nccefiary food throughout the whole 
year. 
Providence, which has wifely adapted the fe- 
veral lervices of domeftic animals to the benefit of 
the human race, has alfo ordained, that the parts 
of fuch as have been moft ufeful during their 
lives, fliould contribute the lead: to our benefit 
after death. The iVm of the Horfe is of but little 
value; his flefh is totally unfit for food ; and no 
part of him is efiential either in m,edicine or ma- 
nufacflure. 
The Horfe, as being a m.artial animal, was de- 
dicated to Mars. The Perfians, iVrmenians, and 
Maffagets, facrlficed Horfes to the Sun . The S uevi, 
an ancient people of Germany, according to Taci- 
tus, maintained white Florfes in the facred woods at 
the public charge, anci from them drew omens. 
The fight of a Horfe v/as generally confidered as a 
prognoftic of war. iEneas had fcarcely landed in 
Italy, before he fiiw four v/hite Horfes feeding in 
a mxadcw ; on which Anchifes immediately ex- 
claimed — O foreign land, thou miCnaceft v/ar 
againft us !' 
The definitions of a perfeft Horfe, as quaintly 
penned by Camerarius, run thus: ' It muft,' fays 
he, ' have three parts like thofe of a woman; the 
breaft muft be broad, the hips round, and the 
mane long. It mufl: In three refpefts refem^ble a 
lion ; it's countenance inuil be fierce, it's courage 
m.uft be great, and it's fury irrefiftible. It mufl: 
have three qualities belonging to the fiieep; the 
nQf.% gentlencis, and patience. It muft have 
three of a deer; head, leg, and fl<:in. It mud 
have three of a wolf ; throat, neck, and hearing. 
It muft have three of a fox ; ear, tail, and rot. It 
m.uft have three of a ferpent; memory, fight, and 
flexibility. And, laftly, three of a hare, running, 
walking, and perfeverance.' ^ 
HORSE -WORM. A fpec ies of fly-v/orm, 
called alfo Bott, produced from, eggs depofited by 
a two-v/inged fly, of the fhape'and fize of the 
humble bee, in the inteftines of horfes. 
W^orms in the human vifcera have nor been 
longer known to the world than thofe in horfts; 
and farriers of every age have had their remedies 
for the long Worms bred in their inteftines, and 
alfo for the fliort ones. The fhort ones are the 
animals now under confideration. But though 
mankind have been fo long acquainted with their 
exiftence, they knew not their origin till Vallif- 
nieri difcovered that they were produced from the 
humble-bee flies: thefe flies always frequent the 
open fields, and are never found about towns and 
houfes ; for which reafon thofe horfes which are 
kept in ftables during fumimiCr and autumn, are 
never infefted by thefe Wonris. 
About the latter end of fummcr, thefe infeds, 
fo inimical to horfes, are feen buzzing about 
their backs in the open fields, watching for an 
opportunity of depofiting their eggs where nature 
has taught them to perform this operation: and 
Horfes, at this feafon, are extremely fenfible of the 
bufinefs in v/hich thefe little annoyers are engaged; 
for they jump about, kick, and run, at the very 
found of their wings. 
Thefe flies frequendy fettle under the tail of the 
horfe; and, by means of fome gentle titillation, 
occafion the animal to open it's fundament a little: 
this they no fooner perceive, tlian they emer, and 
immediately lay their eggs. The Worm.s hatched 
from thefe eggs, or perhaps living Worms there 
5 E depofited 
