LUZ 
in order to fpawn. Their roes are then remarka- 
bly large; and the Greenlanders boil them to a 
pulp and eat them. The whole fifli is extremely 
fat; which circumftance recommends it highly to 
the natives of that country, who are all attached 
to oily food. According to Crantz, it is called the 
nipifet, or cat-fifh; and much admired as a north- 
ern delicacy. 
There are feveral fpecies of the Lump-fifh. See 
Sucker. 
LUMPEN. A long- bodied fifh of the mu- 
flela kind; the Galea Pifcis, or Muftela Altera of 
Gefner; and diftinguifhed by Artedi under the 
name of the blennus with fins like cirri under it's 
neck and tranfverfe ftreaks on it's back. The 
body is long and Aim, growing gradually flender 
towards the tail. The colour is a greenilh yellow, 
with broad black lines on the back, placed tranf- 
verfely; and there is a little rednefs at the ex- 
tremity of the tail. This fiib is caught in the 
German ocean; and is frequently fold in the mar- 
kets of Antwerp, and thofe of Ibme other towns 
on the continent. 
LUNA MARINA. An appellation given by 
Gefner to a peculiar fpecies of ftar-fifh. 
LUNA PISCIS. A name given by fome 
ichthyologifts to the mola; or, as it is ufually 
called in Englifh, the fun-fifli. 
LUNARIS COCHLEA. A genus of fliells 
of the limax or fnail kind; the dillinguifhing cha- 
rafter of which is, that the mouth is perfedly 
round. 
Thefe fliells are univalve and umbilicated, with 
a deprefTed clavicle, and a furface fometimes 
fmooth, but more frequently ftriated, fulcated, and 
lanciniated, or covered with tubercles, 
Archimedes is laid to have borrowed the inven- 
tion of his fcrew, fo famous ever fince his time, 
and fcill called after his name, from the form of 
this fliell; and it is generally allowed, that archi- 
te6ts firft caught the idea of winding flights of 
ftairs from an infpeflion of it's conformation. 
One fpecies of this genus is commonly diftin- 
guifhed by the appellation of rotunda, from it's 
round fliape; this is fo large as to contain two 
quarts of water; and, from an ancient cuftom of 
ufmg this fhell by way of an oil-jar in families, it 
obtained the name of olearia. Another fpecies, 
called the dauphin-fhell, is elegantly furnifhed 
with rows of points of a jagged form on all it's 
fpires. The fliell called the eperon is another 
fpecies of this genus, the volut^e of which are fur- 
nifhed in a fimilar manner with points; but in 
this fpecies they are fmoother and fliarper than in 
the dauphin-fhell. 
Rondeletius has given the name of echinophora 
to a particular fpecies of the lunaris cochlea, en- 
tirely covered with rough tubercles. A very 
beautiful variety is alfo imported from America, 
which is extremely large, and of a fine pearly co- 
Ipur internally: this internal covering is much 
ufed by toy-men as a fubilitute for mother-of- 
pearl ; and, with refpeft to beauty and durability, 
it is by no means inferior. 
LUNDA. An appellation by which Wormius 
and fome other naturalifls have called the bird 
more commonly known by the name of anas arc- 
tica Clufii. 
LUZZO MARINO. An Italian term for 
the fpyhrjena of the ancient Greeks and Latins. 
It belongs to the genus of the fcombri. Gaza 
calls it the malleolus ; and the French diflinguiili 
it by the name of fpet. 
LYCOSTOMUS. The name of a fifh caught 
in the Baltic, approaching fomewhat to the nature 
of the herring or pilchard. It is ufually about five 
or fix inches long, and very fat and fiefhv. The 
fcales, which are fmall and loofe, fall off by a 
moderate fridion. 
iElian, and feveral of the Greek writers, apply 
the name of Lycoflomus to the anchovy; called 
by others the encraulus, and encraficolus. Artedi 
proves it to be a fpecies of the clupea, or herring; 
and diftinguifhes it from the reft by the name of 
the clupea with the upperjaw longeft. 
LYNX. In the Linnsean fyflem, a predaceous 
animal of the felis or cat kind ; called alfo lupus 
cervarius. There are feveral varieties: but the 
difcriminations are fo trifling, that, after the ex- 
ample of fome celebrated naturalifls, v/e fhali 
blend them chiefly under one dcfcription. 
The common Lynx has a fliort tail, black at 
the end; pale yellow eyes; and long full hair un- 
der the chin. The hair on the body is long and 
foft, of a cinereous colour tinged with red, and 
marked with dufl^y fpots, more or lefs diflinft in 
different fubjefts; in fome fcarcely vifible. Tha 
belly is whitifb; the ears are erect and tufted with 
long black hairs, a chara£ler common to the fe- 
veral varieties of Lynxes ; and the legs and feet are 
very thick and ftrong. The length of the fldn of 
a certain Ruffian Lynx, from the nofe to the tail, 
was four feet fix inches ; and that of the tail v/as 
only fix inches. Thefe animals fometimes vary 
in colour: and a variety, called wolf-lucks, is 
whitifli, fpotted with black, and larger than the 
common kind. 
The Academy of Sciences of Paris have given 
a very compleat defcription of the Lynx; and 
have difcufled, with much critical acutencfs, 
tliofe facts and appellations relative to this animal 
which occur in the vt^ritings of antiquitv. They 
have evinced, that the Lynx of j^Llian is the fame 
animal which they have defcribed and differed; 
and they cenfure with propriety thofe who have 
miflaken it for that of Ariilotle. Ilcnvcver, after 
making thefe pertinent and juft remarks, it is to 
be lam^ented that they did not retain the ancient 
appellation of Lynx, inftead of lubftituting that 
of lupus cervarius. 
Oppian mentions two different fpecies or races 
of the Lynx; the large one, which hunts and at- 
tacks the fallow-deer and the ftag; and the fmaller 
one, which purfues the hare only. In fact, there 
is a fpotted Lynx, common to the northern coun- 
ti-ies; and another, whofe hair is of an unifo.nn 
colour, which inhabits the Levant and Barbary. 
Euffon informs us, that lie has feen both thefe 
animals alive: they refemble each other in many 
refpe6ls, and both have long black pencils of 
hair on the tips of tiieir ears; neverthelefs, inde- 
pendent of the difference of colour and fpots of 
the hair, the fubfequent hiftory and delcription 
render it extremiely probable that they are diftindl 
fpecies. 
Klein fays, that the rnoft beautiful Lynxes are 
natives of Africa and Afia, and particularly of 
Perfia: that he faw one at Drefden, which had 
been imported from Africa, finely fpotted, and 
high on it's limbs; that thofe of Europe, efpe- 
cially of Pruffia and the northern regions, are iVfs 
handfbme; and that they contain few variegations 
of white, but are rather red, blotched with ill- 
defined fpots. Buffon, however, feems to quef- 
tion this account of Klein; becaufe no other au- 
thor mentions the Lynx as being a native of the 
warmer 
