MAC 
during the fummer months. They are indeed of 
lefs general utility than other gregarious fifhes, 
becaufe they are very tender and unfit for diftant 
carriage ; neverthelefs, their flefii being rich, and 
agreeable to moft palates, afix)rds many a com- 
fortable repafb to thofe who are fituated v/ithin a 
moderate diftance of the fea-fnores. In Corn- 
wall they are pickled and falted-, and thus pre- 
ferved as a relburce againft the fcarcity attendant 
on winter. 
The Mackarel furnilhed the precious garum 
of the Romans, and confcquently was highly 
eftecmed among that people. This garum was 
a fort of pickle, which gave a high relifh to their 
fauces; and, befides, was of Ibme fervice when 
medicinally applied. It was extrafted from dif- 
ferent kinds of fifli ; but that drawn from the 
Mackarel had the preference: the bell was made 
at Carthagena, vail quantities of Mackarel being 
caught near an adjacent ifie, called from that cir- 
cumftance Scombraria; and, if we may credit 
Pliny, the garum prepared by a certain company 
in that city bore a high price, and was diilin- 
guiflied by the title of Garum Sociorum. 
Mackarel are eafily caught with a bait; fome- 
times with a piece of clean white paper; and fre- 
quently with a red rag: the bell time for taking 
them is during a frefli gale of wind, which has 
thence obtained the name of a Mackarel gale. 
Mackarel, Horse; the Scomber Trachurus 
of LinnsEus. An appellation commonly given 
to a peculiar fpecies of Mackarel, generally 
known in Cornwall by the name of the lead. It 
is the trachurus of moft ichthyologifts ; butBel- 
lonius calls it the Lacertus, and the old Greek 
writers the Saurus. Artedi diilinguifhes it by the 
name of the Scomber, or Mackarel, with the 
lateral lines aculeated, and with thirty rays in the 
pinna ani. 
This fifli is about fixteen inches long: the nofe 
is fliarp; the eyes are very large; the irides are 
filvery; the lower jaw is fomewhat longer than the 
upper; and the edges of the jaws are rough, but 
without teeth. The covers of the gills are mark- 
ed with a large black fpot; the fcales are large, 
and very thin ; the lov/er half of the body is qua- 
drangular; and on each fide there is a row of 
thick ftrong fcales, prominent in the middle, and 
extending to the tail. The firft dorfal fin qon- 
fifts of eight fl:rong fpines ; and the fecond, which 
lies jufi: behind it, confifts of thirty-four foft rays, 
and reaches almoft to the tail. The pedloral fins 
are narrow and long, and compofed of twenty 
rays ; and the ventral contain fix branched rays. 
The vent is placed in the middle of the belly; 
and the anal fin extends from it to the tail, which 
is much bifid. The head and the upper part of 
the body are varied with green and blue ; and the 
belly is filvery. The flefh, which is firm and 
well tailed, pofifefies the flavour of the common 
Mackarel. 
MACROCERCI. An appellation given by 
Dr. Hill to a large genus of animalcules, diftin- 
guilhed from all others by having tails longer 
than their bodies. 
MACROPEDIUM. A name given by fome 
naturalifts to the common tipula. 
MACROPTERA. A term derived from 
Makros, Long; and Pnoe, Breath; and applied 
to exprefs that clafs of hawks whofe wings are fo 
long, that when clofed they reach to the ends of 
dieir tails. Of this genus are the bald buzzard. 
MAG 
the kite, the hen harrier, the honey buzzard, the 
common buzzard, the facre, the gir-falcon, and 
fome others. 
MACRORYNCH.^. A term derived from 
Makros, Long; and Rugchos, a Beak: the cha- 
racter of a large order of the feathered tribe. 
Birds of this order have beaks much longer thzn 
their heads, oblique nofirrils, and a fulcus run- 
ning from them towards the apex of the beak. 
MACROULE. An appellation given by 
many authors to the largeft Ipecies of coot: it is 
of a deeper black colour than the common kind, 
and has a large bald fpot on it's head. 
MACTR A. A genus of Ihells, bivalve, un- 
equal fided, equivalve; the middle tooth com- 
plicated, with a little concavity on each fide; and 
the lateral teeth remote, and mutually received 
into each other. There are feveral fpecies. 
MACUCAQUA. A Brazilian bird of the 
gallinaceous kind; called alfo the gallina fyi- 
veftris, or wild hen. It is dellitute of a tail : it's 
flefli is extremely well tailed; and it's eggs are 
fomewhat larger than thofe of the common hen, 
and of a blueifli green colour. This bird, which 
feeds on fuch fruits as fall from trees, runs with 
great rapidity, but is incapable of taking long 
or high flights. 
M^NAS. A filh fliaped like the perch, but 
broader and more compreffed. It generally grows 
to the length of fix inches. The colour is a light 
green or yellow; and there are dark tranfverfe 
fpaces and blueifh lines which run longitudinally, 
with a large black fpot on each fide. The tail 
is a little bifid; the eyes are large; and the irides 
are filvery. The mouth appears fmall when fhut, 
but when open is of a confiderable width; for 
the upper lip expanding itfelf like a tube, is 
contracted again when tiie mouth is fliut; and 
the upper part having a kind of prop, is received 
into a flieath formed in the upper jaw, which 
formation is peculiar to this filh. It is caught in 
the Mediterranean. 
MtENAS CANDIDA. An appellation given 
by many naturalifts to the fmaris. 
MAGAURI. A Brazilian bird of the firork 
kind. It is of the fize of the common white 
ilork: the neck is a foot long; the beak is fliraight, 
pointed, and of a confiderable length; the legs are 
long and naked; thetailislhort; and the head, neck, 
and body, are covered with fnow-white feathers, 
which on the throat are very long, very white, 
and valuable. The tail and wing-feathers are 
long and black; and the legs are red. 
MAGGOT. A common appellation for the 
fly-worm bred in flefli, which derives it's origin 
from the egg of the great blue flefli- fly. Not- 
withftanding the general averfion of mankind to 
this animal, it's figure and fl:ru6lure render it 
worthy of a naturalill's attention ; and, from an 
accurate examination of this, we may learn the 
general hillory of the clafs of worms produced 
from the eggs of flies. 
The body of the Maggot, which is white and 
flefliy, is compofed of numerous anulations, and, 
like that of acaterpillar, is capable of affamingdif- 
ferent figures at pleafure. Though deftitute of 
legs, it can neverthelefs move very fwiftly; and, 
in it's firfl: attempt to advance, it's body is ex- 
tended to it's greatefl: length, and affumes fome- 
thing of the figure of a pointed cone. The acu- 
minated part of this cone is the head of the ani- 
mal, which is only feparated frgm the next ring 
by 
