f&ce. The highcft part of the head is that which 
becomes bald the Iboneft, as well as that part 
which lies immediately above the temples. The 
tiair under the temiples, and at the back of the 
head, is very fcldom known to fail ; and women are 
much lefs apt to become bald than men. BufFon, 
indeed^ feems to think they never become bald 
at all; but we have too many inftances to the 
contrary among us, not to contradidl this hafty af- 
fertion. Of all parts or appendages of the body, 
>he hair is found moft different in diliind climates ; 
and often contributes not only to mark the coun- 
try, but alfo the difpofiiion of the Man. It is in 
general thickeft where the conftitution is fiirongeft; 
and more glofly and beautiful where the health is 
moft permanent. The ancients confidered the hair 
as a kind of excrement, produced like the nails; 
the part next the root protruding that imme- 
diately contiguous: but the moderns, after the 
moil: accurate inveftigation, have difcovered, thai: 
every hair may be truly faid to live, to receive 
nourifliment, and to fill and diilend itfelf like the 
other parts of the body. They have obftrved, that 
the roots do not turn grey fooner than the extre- 
mities, but that the w!)ole length of thcnair changes 
colour at once ; and inftances have been known of 
people turning grey in a fingle night. Each hair, 
viewed through a microfcope, is found to confift of 
five or fix leffer ones, complicated in one common 
covering, appearing knotted like fome forLs of 
grafs, and fending forth branches at thejoints. It 
is bulbous at the root, by v/hich it imbibes it's 
moifture from the body; and it is divided at the 
points; fo that a fingle hair, at it's extremity, re- 
fembles a brufh. Whatever is the dimenfion or 
the ftiape of the pore through which the hair ifllies, 
it accommodates itfelf to the fanie, being thick, 
fiender, round, fquare, or triangular, according to 
the formation of the pores. 
The colour of the hair varies in different tribes 
and races of people. The Americans and Afia- 
tics have black, ftraight, fhining hair; the inha- 
bitants of the torrid climates of Africa have black, 
iliort, and woolly hair; the Scandinavians have 
red, long, and curled hair; and the hair of the 
natives of our own and the neighbouring coun- 
tries is of various colours and proportions. Many, 
however, pretend to fay, that the difpofition of 
every Man bears a refe.riblance to that of the in- 
habitants of thofe countries whom he rcfembles in 
the colour and nature of his hair. Thus, thofe 
wlio have black hair, like the Afiatics, are faid to 
be grave and acute ; and thofe who have red hair, 
iiive the Scandinavians, to be bold and choleric : 
■but this only refts on conjefture. However, the 
length and ftrength of the hair is a general mark 
cf a good conPcitution; and as that hair which is 
fcrongeft" is moft commonly curled, fo curled hair 
is ufuaily regarded as an addition to beauty. The 
Gi -eks tiiought veiy differently in this refpe£t; 
and rhey feem to have taker, one of their peculiar 
national diuinflions from the length and ffraight- 
nef^ of the hair. 
The nofe is certainly the m.oft prominent fea- 
tcire in the human face.; but, as it has very little 
motion, even m the moft violent paftions, it con- 
tributes more to the beauty than to the expreffion 
pf the countenance; and unlefs it be deformed, or 
vaftly difproportioned, it is much lefs regarded 
than thofe features which are capable of motion. 
The form of the nofe, and it's remarkable promi- 
nency, are peculiar to the human fpecies, Moft 
MAN 
animals have noftrils fcparated by a partition 
but none of them have an elevated and advanced 
nofe : even apes may be faid to have noftrils on- 
ly ; for though the nofe of an ape has the fame 
pofition as that of a Man, it is fo ftiort and flat, 
that it can hardly be regarded as fimilar. By this 
organ, men, and other animals, breathe and 
fmdl. 
Next to the eyes, the mouth and the lips have 
both the greateft motion and exprelTion. Strong 
pafiions have vaft influence over this part of the 
face ; and the mouth marks it's different modifi- 
cations by it's different forms. The organ of 
fpeech ftill more enlivens this part, and gives it 
more animation than any other feature of the face. 
The ruby colour of the lips, and the white ena- 
mel of the teeth, give it fuch a fuperiority over 
every other feature, that it feems principally to 
attrail our regard. In faft, the whole attention 
is fixed on the lips of the perfon who fpeaks : 
however rapid his difcourfe, however various the 
fubjeft, the mouth affumes correfpondent fitua- 
tions; and the deaf have often been known to 
fee the force of thofe reafonings which they could 
not poftibly hear, but only faw imitated by the 
ad'ion of the lips. 
The lower jaw pofl^efTes a variety of motions; 
while the upper has been deemed immoveable by 
fome naturalifts ; and, among the reft, by Buffon : 
however, an eafy experiment will convince us, 
that it has no inconfiderable fhare of motion. If 
the head is kept fixed, v/ith any thing between the 
teeth, the edge of a table for inftance, and then 
the mouth opened, v/e fhall find that both jaws 
recede from it at the fame time; the upper jaw 
rifes, the lower falls, and the table remains un- 
touched between them. Indeed it is extremely 
clear that the upper jaw has motion as well as 
the under; and, what is remarkable, it has it's 
proper mufcles behind the head, for thus raifing 
and deprefllng it. Whenever, therefore, we eat, 
both jaws move at the fame inftant, though very 
unequally; for the whole head being connedled 
with the upper jaw, of which it conftitutes a part, 
it's, motions are lefs perceptible than thofe of the 
other. In the human embryo, the under-jaw is 
very much advanced before the upper: in the 
adult, it hangs a great deal more backward ; and 
thofe whofe upper and under row of teeth are 
equally prominent, and ftrike direftly againft each 
other, are generally called under-hung, which is 
always confidered as a great defe£l in beauty. 
The under-jaw of a native of China falls greatly 
more backward than that of an European. In 
examples of the moft violent paffion, the under- 
jaw has often an involuntary quivering motion ; 
and often alfo a ftate of languor produces ano- 
ther, which is that of yawning. Every one is fen- 
fible how very fympathetic this kind of languid 
motion is; and that for one perfon to yawn, is 
llifficient to put a whole company into fimilar 
convulfions. 
When the mind is fuddenly affefted with ar- 
dent defire or keen regret, we feel a fort of ftart- 
ing or internal oppreffion, which adling on the 
diaphragm, and that on the lungs, produces a 
figh : and when the mind contemplates the caufe 
of it's emotion, and perceives no method of ac- 
complilbing it's defire, or of banifhing it's regret, 
the figh is repeated, and forrow, or mental pain, 
fucceeds. If this pain of the mind be great 
and unexpefted, it produces tears j the air rufiies 
quickly 
