ferent either their complexions or their manners 
may appear: for, vv'ith regard to the complexion, 
that proceeds entirely from the climate and the 
food ; and as to the manners, thefe are generally 
the refult of different degrees of wealth or domi- 
nion. That they fpring from one flock, is evi- 
dent alfo from this *. that the Tartars who fettle in 
China quickly refemble the Chinefe; and, on the 
contrary, that the Chinefe who fettle in Tartary, 
foon affume the figure and manners of the Tartars. 
The Japanefe are fo very fimilar to the Chinefe, 
that they may be regarded, without hefitation, as 
the fame race of men: they only differ in being 
rather browner, becaufe they live in a more 
fouthern climate. They are defcribed, in general, 
as having brown complexions, fhort ftatures, broad 
Hat faces, very little beards, and black hair. Their 
cuftoms and ceremonies are nearly the fame 5 their 
ideas of beauty are fimilar; and their artificial de- 
formities of blackening the teeth, and bandaging 
the feet, are entirely alike in both countries. They 
both therefore proceed from the fame fiiock; and 
though they effentially differ from their brutal pro- 
genitors, they owe their civilization wholly to the 
mildnefs of the climate in which they refide, and 
the peculiar fertility of the foil. To this tribe 
alfo may be referred the natives of Cochin-Chin a, 
Siam, 'Tonquin^ Aracan, Laos, and Pegu ; who, 
though all different from the Chinefe, and each 
other, have neverthelefs fuch a ftrong refemblance, 
that v/e cannot miPcake their orio-inal. 
O 
The Southern Afiatics conftitute the third va- 
riety of the human race : the form of their per- 
fons and features maybe eafily diftinguifiied from 
that of the Tartar tribes. The nations v/ho in- 
habit the peninfula of India feem to be the prin- 
cipal ffock from whence the inhabitants of the 
numerous iflands diffeminated throughout the Paci- 
fic Ocean have been peopled. All the authentic voy- 
agers remark their general agreement in perfon; and 
particularly Captain Cook, who, though he was 
at a lofs to account for their migrations, feemed 
to confider all the inhabitants of the South Pacific 
iflands, many of which he had the glory of dif- 
covering, as undoubted defcendants of the na- 
tions who inhabit the continent of India. Thefe 
people are in general of a flender fhape, with long 
ftraight black hair, and often aquiline nofes. Thus 
jhey refemble the Europeans in ftature and fea- 
tures ; but differ greatly in colour, and habit of 
body. The Indians are of an olive complexion, 
and in the m.ore fouthern parts quite black; though 
the word Mogul, in their language, fignifies a 
White Man. The women, who are extremely de- 
licate, are of an olive colour as well as the Men; 
their legs and thighs are long; and their bodies 
are fhort ; which is oppofite to what is obferved 
among the v/omen of Europe. They are by no 
means fo fruitful as the European women ; but 
they feel the pains of child-birth much lefs fen- 
hbly; for, the very day after parturition, they are 
generally employed about their ufual avocations. 
In fa£l, thefe pains feem greateft in all countries 
where the v/omen are moft delicate, or the con- 
ffitution enfeebled by indolence or luxury. A- 
mong all favage nations, the women are in a great 
mealure exempt from painful labours; and even 
the induftrious wives of peafants in our own 
country feel lefs feverely than thofe whofe rank 
raifes them above toil and wholefome exercife. 
Throughout the whole continent of India, children 
arrive much earlier at matvrity than in Europe, 
VoL.IL ^ i 
MAN 
They often marry and confummate, the hufband 
at ten years of age, and the wife at eight; and 
they frequently procreate children at that age: 
however, fuch women as commence mothers at 
that early period, ceafe bearing before they arrive 
at thirty; and at that time they appear wrinkled^ 
and exhibit every other indication of old age. 
The natives of India have long been noted for 
their effeminacy and pufillanimity; and every ad- 
venturer, who has attempted to invade their coun- 
try, has in general effected his purpofe. Tlie 
warmth of the climate wholly influences their man- 
ners; they are indolent, luxurious, and obfe- 
quious: fully fatisfied with fenfual gratificationSj 
they derive no pleafure from thought; and, con* 
tented with flavery, are very indifferent what ma- 
fl:er they ferve. Many of their tribes eat not any 
thing that has ever poffeffed life; they anxioufly 
refrain from injuring the meanefl: infefts; and have 
even ere£led hofpitals for the maintenance of all 
kinds of vermin. The Afiatic drefs confifls of a 
loofe flowing robe, rather adapted to the purpofes 
of peace and indolence than of induft:ry and war* 
Indeed, the vigour of the Afiatics is in general 
correfpondent to their drefs and food : they fub- 
fifl: on rice ; they are dreffed in effeminate filk 
veflrments; and, from the time of Alexander to the 
prefent, we have had but few infl:ances of their 
fuccefs in arms. They may therefore be confidered 
as a feeble race of fenfualiflis, too dull to find rap- 
ture in pleafures, and too indolent to convert their 
gravity to wifdom. To this clafs may be referred 
the Perfians and Arabians, and the inhabitants of 
all thofe iflands which lie fcattered in the ocean. 
The Negroes of Africa may be regarded as the 
fourth fl:riking variety of mankind. This gloomy 
race of mortals is found to blacken all the fouthern 
parts of Africa, from eighteen degrees north lati- 
tude to the Cape of Good Hope. Some vmters 
indeed have maintained, that the Caffres, who 
inhabit the fouthern extremity of that vafl: conti- 
nent, are not to be ranked among the Negro race^ 
however, the difference between them, in colour 
and features, is fo minute, tliat they may without 
any impropriety be included in this general pic- 
ture. Each of the Negro nations, it muff be con- 
feffed, differs from another: like us, they have 
their peculiar countries for beauty; and different 
nations, as in Europe, plume themfelves on the 
fuperiority of their perfonal attradions. Thofe of 
Guinea, for inflrance, are extremely ugly, and 
emit an almoft intolerable fcent; while thofe of 
Mofambique are reckoned beautiful, and are per- 
fedlly free from any difagreeable efiluvia. The 
Negroes in general are of a black colour, with, 
fmooth foft Pidns; v/hich latter quality proceeds 
from the downy foftnefs of the hair that grows up- 
on them, the flrength of which gives a roughnels 
to the feel in thofe of white complexions. The 
hair of their heads is totally different from what is 
ufual in Europe, being foft, woolly, and Ihort. 
Their beards alfo partake of the fame qualities j 
but differ in this, that they foon turn grey, which 
the hair of their heads is feldom found to do; fo 
that many may be feen with white beards and 
black hair, at one and the fame time. Their eyes 
are generally of a deep hazel colour; their nofes 
are flat and fhort ; their lips are thick and tumid ^ 
and their teeth are of an ivory whitenefs. The 
colour of their teeth indeed feems to conftitute 
their principal beauty, it being not a little fet off 
by that of their fkin. 
U Some 
