little bird found in Surinam, the Pipra of Lin- 
nsf us. The bill is of a dark brown colour, black- 
ifh at the point ; the feathers round the bafe of the 
iipper mandible of the bill are black ; the crown 
of the head, from eye to eye, is covered with fine 
red or fcarlet feathers of a ic, '2;ifh make, which it 
can ere£t in the form of a creft; the back is of a 
fine blue colour; and all the remaining plumage 
is black, with a fhining glofs. T'le legs and feet 
are dufl<y, except the outer fides of the legs, which 
are yellov/ ; the exterior and middle toes are con- 
neiled at tlieir bottoms ; and the tail confifts of 
twelve feathers. 
Manakin, Red and Black. This bird has 
a whitifh bill : the whole head, neck, breaft, and 
part of the belly and thighs, are of a fine fcarlet or 
red colour; the back, wings, and tail, are black, 
with a purplifh glofs; the lower belly, and the 
covert-feathers under the tail^ are of a dufl<;y black 
hue; and the legs and feet are a reddifh brown. 
The inner covert-feathers of the wings, and the 
inner webs of the quills toward their bottomiSj are 
of a pale orange-colour. 
Manakin, Cock, Purple-Breasted ; the 
Ampelis Cotinga of Linntei's. This very beau- 
tiful bird, which is a native of Brazil and Terra 
Firma, has a fhort bill in proportion to it's fize, of 
a black colour, the point of the upper mandible 
projedting a little over the lower. The head, the 
hinder part of the neck, the back, the lelTer co- 
verts on the upper fides of the wings, the rump, 
and the covert-feathers both above anvd beneath 
the tail, are of a fine blue colour; the quills, and 
the row of coverts above them without-fide, are 
black, nightly edged with blue; and the inner co- 
verts of the wings are black, edged with greenifh 
blue. The tail is compofcd of twelve feathers of 
equal lengths, black above, the exterior feathers 
being flightly edged with blue; and both the tail 
and the quill-feathers are dufl^y beneath. The 
throat, the fore-part of the neck, and the middle 
of the belly, are of a dark purple colour, beauti- 
fully marked with circular fcarlet fpots. A blue 
belt crofies the breaft, and immediately below it 
there is a fcarlet one. The fides under the wings, 
the thighs, and the lower belly, are of a fine blue 
colour. The legs and feet are blackifn; and the 
outer toes adhere a little at their bottoms to the 
middle ones. 
Manakin, White-Faced. This bird is a 
native of Guiana and Terra Firma in South Ame- 
rica. The bill is ftraight, fiiarp-pointed, and 
black; the crown of the head, the throat, and the 
fore-part of the head all round the bill, are white; 
and the feathers on the crovv'n are long, narrow, 
and pointed, forming a creft when ered:. From 
the hinder part of the head, behind the eyes, and 
round the throat, is extended a black or duflcy 
broken line, encircling all the white fpace on the 
head and throat ; part of the neck behind, the up- 
per part of the back, and the wings externally, are 
of a dark blueilh afh-colour; the inner coverts of 
the wings are cinnamon-coloured; and the quills 
beneath are cinereous. The hinder part of the 
head, the fore-part of the neck, the breaft, belly, 
lump, tail on both fides, and covert-feathers both 
above and beneath it, are of a bright cinnamon 
colour. The legs and feet are of a light reddifh 
yellow hue; the claws are duflcy; the feathers 
above the knees are alfo dufl<:y; and the outer and 
middle toes adhere to each other almoft to the 
claws. 
MANATUS, or SEA-COW. A genus of 
Vol. II. 
MAN 
animals having pinniform fore-legs, and the hind 
parts terminating in a tail horizontally flat. 
Manatus, Common. This animal, in nature, 
very nearly approaches the whale. Like that 
creature, it brings forth in the water, and fuckles 
it's young in that element. Like the whale, it is 
deftitute of any mode of exprefling it's pleafure or - 
it's pain; and, like that animal, has an horizontal 
broad tail, without even the rudiments of hind 
feet. Indeed, what obtain the name of feet, are 
little more than fins, adapted for fwimming: they 
are never ufed to afilft the animal either in walk- 
ing or landing; for it never goes afhore; nor, like 
the feal, attempts to climb rocks. 
The Manatus fomewhat refembles the feal in 
the ftiape of it's head and body. The fore-legs, 
or hands, are fhort and webbed, much in the fame, 
manner with thofe of that animal ; but have only 
four claws, and thefe too are proportionably 
iliorter than thofe of the feal, and placed nearer 
the head; confequently, they are not adapted to 
aiTift it's motions on land: but, in the hinder 
parts, it eflentially differs from all animals of the 
feal kind ; the tail being perfeflly that of a fifh, 
and expanded like a fan, without even the veftiges 
of thofe bones which form the legs and feet of 
the feal kind. 
This animal grows to an enormous fize ; and 
Dampier afl"erts, that fome are twenty-eight feet 
long, and v^^eigh about eight thoufand pounds. 
The f!:in is of a blackifli colour, very tough and 
hard, and full of inequalities, like the bark of an 
oak; and on it are fprinkled a few briftly hairs, 
about an inch in length. The eyes are exceed- 
ingly fmall in proportion to the magnitude of the 
animal. It has no external ears, but only two ori- 
fices, fcarcely large enough to admit a quill; the 
tongue is pointed, and extremely fmall ; the mouth 
is deftitute of teeth, but furnifhed v^ith two folid 
white bones, extending the entire length of both 
jaws, Vv'hich ferve inftead of grinders; the lips are 
double; and near the junction of the two jaws, the 
mouth is full of white tubular briftles, anfwering 
the fame purpofe as the laminte in whales, to pre- 
vent the food from iffuing out with the v/ater. 
The lips are alfo thick-fet with briftles, ferving, 
inftead of teeth, to cur the ftrong roots of the ma- 
rine plants, wliich floating afnore, point out the 
vicinity of thefe animals. 
The female produces but one at a time, v/hich 
flie grafps in her paws, and holds to her breaftj 
v/here it fticks clofe, and accompanies her v/here- 
ever flie goes. 
The Manatus can fcarcely be called amphi- 
bious, as it never entirely leaves the water, only 
raifing it's head out of the ftream in order to reach 
the grafs on it's margin. It fubfifts entirely on ve- 
getables ; and therefore never ventures far into the 
open fea, but frequents the edges of the fhores; 
and chiefly the large rivers of South America, 
where it is often feen above two thoufand miles 
from the ocean. It is alfo found in the feas of 
Kamtfchatka, where it feeds, in a fimilar manner, 
on fuch weeds as grow near the fhore. At the 
bottoms of fome of the Indian bays, thefe animals 
are feen innocently grazing among turtles, and 
other cruftaceous fiflies, neither offering nor ap- 
prehending any infult. In calm weather, v/hen 
unmolefted, they keep together in large compa- 
nies near the mouths of rivers ; and, during floods, 
they approach fo clofe to the land, as even to fuf- 
fer themfelves to be ftroked with the hand. 
Thefe animals aflbciate in fmall families, con- 
X fifting 
