PAR 
fmall ; and the bill refembles that of a pigeon. 
The upper part of the body is of a reddifli purple 
colour; the lower part is lighter; and under the 
belly it is whitifh. The irides are yellow; and 
the eye-lids are of a beautiful red colour. The 
legs and feet are red, like thofe of pigeons; and 
are about two inches long. 
This fpecies feeds on berries; and is ufually 
found in mountainous and elevated fituations. 
The hen generally makes her neft in low trees, 
with twigs placed tranfverfelv, and lined with 
hair and cotton, for the better prefervation of her 
young. 
Partridge, Mountain, of Hernandez; 
called alfo the Ococolin. This fpecies is larger 
than the common Partridge: the bill and feet are 
of a bright red colour; and the whole body is co- 
vered with a mixture of brov»?n, pale, and dufkv 
yellow. The wings underneath are cinereous; 
but above, they are fpcckled with tawnv, white, 
and yellow fpots ; as are alfo the head and neck. 
Partridge, White, of the Alps. This 
bird is about the fize of a domeftic pigeon, and 
has a fimilar conformation. It meafures about a 
foot and three inches from the tip of the bill to 
tiie extremity of the tail; and, when the wings are 
extended, it is about twenty-two inches broad. 
The bill is fhort, black, and fliaped like that of a 
lien; but the upper mandible projeds a little over 
the under. The noftrils are covered with fnail 
feathers; and above each eye there is a femilunar 
excrefcence without feathers, of a vermilion hue. 
The male is dillinguiflTed from the female by a 
black ftreak ; which beginning at the upper man- 
dible of the bill of the former, pafles beyond the 
eyes, and terminates belov/ the ears. All the reli- 
ef the body, except the tail, is extremely white; 
the tail is compoled of fixteen feathers, the two 
middlemoft of which are white, as well as the ex- 
ternal web of the laft feather on each fide; and 
all the remainder of the feathers are of a blackiHi 
alli-colour, with white tips. The legs are covered 
with feathers of a foft texture to the very extre- 
mity of the toes ; and the claws are very long, 
and of a leaden colour. 
Thefe Partridges are feen on the Alps, parti- 
cularly in thofe diftrifts which are covered with 
fnow during the greateft part of the year. 
Partridge, Brazilian; the Jambu ofPifo. 
There are two varieties of thefe birds: the firft is 
lefs than the common kind ; and the other is nearly 
of the fame fize. The feathers, throughout the 
■whole body, are of a dark brown colour, curioufly 
fpotted and variegated with yellow. 
Partridge, Red, of Aldrovandus; the 
Greater lied Partridge of Bellonius. This fpe- 
cies is about twice the fize of the common Par- 
tridge, being as large as a middleTized hen. The 
bill and legs are red; the bread and fides are 
fpotted ; antl the head, neck, breaft, and rump, 
are chie.fly of an afh-colour. The cheeks under 
the eyes, as far as the middle of the throat, are 
white, except that there is a fmall red fpot at the 
angle of the lower chap, with a black ring round 
the white fpace, which begins at the noftrils, and 
proceeds over the eyes ; and the breaft is afh- 
coloured. 
This bird is fcarcely ever feen in England ; but 
is fomctimes found in the iflcs of Jerfey and 
Guernfey. It builds it's neft in expofed fitua- 
tions, about the month of May, feeking neither 
*:over nor flicker ; efpecially in the iflands of the 
PAS 
Archipelago, where it is extremely numerous. 
Tournefort informs us, that thefe Partridges are 
fo very plentiful in the Idand of Nanfio, that the 
peafants are obliged to deRroy their eggs in order 
to prefcrve their corn; and that the number of 
them generally amounts to ten or twelve thou- 
land: however, we have not been able to deter- 
mine whether thefe are exaftly of die fame fpecies 
with thole now delcribed. 
Partridge, Indian. An appellation given 
bv the Spaniards to a bird of the Weft Indies, of 
which there are three or four varieties; all which 
Nieremberg afTures us are properly of the Par- 
tridge kind. 
PARTRIDGE, SEA. A name by whicii 
fome naruraliHs diftinguiili the foal, on account 
of the firm.nefs and delicacy of it's fleih. 
PARU. A very fingular fifn caught in the 
American feas. It is broad, flat, and roundifh-, 
ufually about live orfi:^ inches long, and between 
three and four broad. It has fix fins; one on 
the back; another on the belly, behind the anus; 
two more rife behind the gills; and the remaining 
two are fituated on the upper part of the belly. 
The head is finall ; the mouth is elevated, and 
furnifhcd with finall teeth; the fcales are of a 
moderate fize, half black, and half yellow, which 
renders the variegations extremely curious; the 
gills, and the beginning of the fins, are alfo yel- 
low; and on each fide near the head, there is a 
yellow fpot. The fiefii is agreeable, and deemed 
wholefome. 
PAR US. The clafilcal appellation for the 
titmoufe. 
PASSAGE, BIRDS OF. A term by which 
naturalifts diftinguifii thofe birds which periodi- 
cally appear and difappear. 
Among Birds of Pallage are the ftork, fwailow, 
nightingale, martin, woodcock, quail, cuckow, 
wryneck, feveral fpecies of the pigeon and thrufii, 
the fnipe, curlew, fand-piper, plover, land-rail, 
feveral i'pecies of grebe, divers, merganfers, and 
many fpecies of ducks, &c. 
Pennant remarks, that every fpecies of the ge- 
nera of curlews, woodcocks, fand-pipers, and plo- 
vers, which forfake us in the fpring, retire to Sv/e- 
den, Poland, Prufiia, Norv/ay, and Lapland, in 
order to breed : and, as foon as the young can 
fiy, they return to lis again; the frofts, which 
comm.ence early in thofe countries, depriving 
them of fufienance ; and the drynefs and hardnefs 
of the ground in general, during our fummer, 
preventing them from penetrating the earth with 
their bills, in fearch of worms, the natural food 
of thefe genera. 
Of the numerous fpecies of migratory fowls, 
there are few that may not be traced to Lapland, 
a country pregnant with lakes, rivers, fwamps, 
and mountains covered with impenetrable and 
inacceflible forefts, which in fummer afford Ihel- 
ter to thofe birds that in winter difperfe themfelves 
over all Europe. In the hyperborean regions, 
by reafon of the thicknefs of the woods, the 
ground remains moift, and is penetrable by wood- 
cocks, and other flender- billed fowls; and for 
web-footed birds the waters afford innumerous 
infeds. The days, at that feafbn, are long; and 
the light nights are favourable to their collefting 
this food: to which may be added, that the hu- 
man empire is but thinly fpread over the northern 
v/aftes; wliich clrcumftance encourages the other 
tribes of nature to take up their refidence in thofe 
