PEN 
well as to quit thofe retreats where they were fo 
little able to oppofe their invaders. 
The Penguin lays but one egg; and burrows 
like the rabbit. Sometimes three or four take 
poflefTion of the fame hole, and hatch their young 
together. In the cavities of thofe rocks where 
nature has formed retreats for diem, feveral of 
this tribe, as Linnasus afllires us, are frequently 
feen together: there the females lay their fingle 
egg in a common ncft, and fit on them by turns; 
while one is placed as a centinel, to give notice of 
any approaching danger. The egg of the Magel- 
lanic Penguin is very large for the fize of the 
bird, confiderably exceeding that of a goofe. 
Penguin, Northern, of Edwards. This 
bird is nearly about the fize of a tame goofe : 
the bill is duflcy, or black; the head and neck, 
and alfo the back, tail, and upper fides of the 
wings, are of a deep black colour; and the fea- 
thers are very foft and even, with a filky glofs. 
Between the bill and the eyes, on each fide of 
the head, there is a large oval white fpot; the 
breaft, belly, and coverts under the tail, are 
white ; the legs and feet are covered with black 
fcales ; and it has only three toes, all Handing 
forward, and webbed together. 
This fpecies, according to Edwards, is com- 
mon to the northern parts both of Europe and 
America. 
Penguin, Black-Footed, of Edwards. This 
bird, which is fuppofed to be a native of the 
Cape of Good Hope, is fomewhat lefs than a 
common goofe: the bill is black, except that it 
is crofl'ed near the point with a yellowifh ftripe 
or bar; the throat, and the fides of the head, 
are of a dirty brown hue; and from the bafis of 
the bill above the eyes, on each fide of the head, 
paffes a broad white line, which unites itfelf with 
the white on the fides and under-fide of the neck. 
The top of the head, the upper fide of the neck, 
the back, and the upper part of the wings, are of 
a dark brown colour; the under-fide, the neck, 
breall, and belly, are white, excepting atranfverfe 
line of brown, which pafiTes over the breafi:, and 
reaches on each fide as far as the legs. The rump 
is white; the tail is compofed of only a few fliort 
bridles ; the legs and feet are black ; and the toes 
are armed with ftrong claws, three of which are 
webbed together, and the fourth is very fmall 
and loofe, 
PENICILLI MARIN!. A kind of marine 
tubuli, forming a diftinft genus of thefe fhells. 
They are defined to be fhelly tubes, extremely 
fiender, and terminating in the fhapc of a painter's 
pencil; many of them, in their natural fliape, ad- 
hering to ftones on the fea-fiiore by means of a 
foft and lax fubfi:ance. Some are white and 
pellucid, and others yellowifii or brown: they are 
ufually about three inches long, and the thick- 
nefs of a wheaten fi:raw; but fome are funnel- 
fhaped, having their mouths furrounded by a fort 
of hairs or filaments. Thefe are denominated 
by fome prcbofcipleftani ; others are called cadi; 
and others, entalia. 
PENNEVISCH. An appellation given by 
fome ichthyologifts to the mofi: common fpecies 
of the fifh called bagre, caught in the Eail and 
Weft Indian feas. 
PENTACEROS. A name ufed by Linkius 
and others to exprefs the ftella marina, or fea fi:ar- 
fiih, compofed of five principal rays, with feve- 
ral tranfverfe hairy or downy procefies. 
PER 
PENTACTINODOS. An appellation by 
which fome exprefs that fpecies of ftar-fifii whofe 
body is compofed of five rays. 
PENTADACTYLOS PISCIS. A fifli com- 
mon in the Oriental feas, and there called by the 
Dutch viif vinger vifch. It receives it's name 
from five black ftreaks on each fide, refembling 
the prints of five fingers. It is about eighteen in- 
ches long: the head is fmall in proportion to the 
body; and the fins are large, reaching almoft to 
the tail. It's general colour is very bright and 
elegant, being yellow, with an admixture of pur- 
ple; it has no fcales ; and it's flefii is dry, but not 
ill-flavoured. 
PENTADACTYLOS-ASTER. An appel- 
lation given by feveral authors to a fpecies of ftar- 
fifli; compofed of a fmall body; and five prin- 
cipal rays, each of which have feveral procefl^es 
iflTuing from them covered with down. 
PENTAGON-ASTER. A name by which 
fome authors exprefs the afterias, or fi:ella ma- 
rina. See AsTERiAS, 
PENTELASMIS. An appellation given by 
fome conchologifts to the concha anatifera of 
authors. 
The Pentelafmis is a genus of animals, com- 
pofed of a flielly body, affixed to a flefhy and 
ioft pedicle: the body is compofed of five valves ; 
and the pedicle is fometimes fhort, and fome- 
times long. The inclofed animal is a triton. 
PENTOPHTHALMOS. An Eaft Indian 
fiflij approaching to the European liparis, or 
butter-fifh, but larger, and called by the Dutch 
viifoog. It receives it's name from five round 
fpots in the tail-fin, refembling five eyes. It is 
of a yellowifii colour, covered with a fmooth 
fi<in, without any fcales : the body is thick; the 
head is fmall ; the beak is long ; the fins are red; 
and the tail is bluifli. It inhabits frefli waters; 
and it's flefli is much efteemed. 
PEPPER-BIRD. An Engliflr appellation 
for the rhamphaftos, with a yellow rump ; called 
alfo the toucan. 
PERANEMA, A Brazilian fea-fifli, of the 
fize of a pearch, about ten or eleven fingers in 
length, and about three fingers broad. The 
mouth is large and round, without any teeth, 
the want of which is fupplied by rough fliarp 
prominences; the eyes are large; and the dorfal 
fin is long, and fupported by rigid prickly rays. 
The tail is even; the whole body is of a filvery 
white colour, with a faint blufli of red ; the fins, 
are extremely fmall, and of a triangular fi.gurej 
and the belly is very vv'hite. The flefii of the 
Peranema is wholefome and well-flavoured. 
PERCA AMBOINENSIS. A frefli-water fifli, 
fomewhat refembling the common pearch, but 
differing from it in being of a brown colour, 
and in having feveral blue lines under it's fnout. 
It is caught in the lakes and rivers of Amboyna, 
and it's flefii is highly efi:eemed for it's flavour 
and delicacy. 
PERDIX. The clafilcal term for the par- 
tridge. 
Per D IX is alfo a name given by conchologifts 
to a genus of fliells, fuppofed to refemble the 
partridge in the ftiades and difpofition of the 
colours. The partridge fliell is of the doliumj 
or concha globofa clafs ; and is ftriated and fpotted 
in a manner peculiarly elegant. 
PERIWINKLE. An Englifli appellation for 
a fpecies of fhellsi the Turbo Littoreus of Lin- 
