PIN- 
the money paid for Pilchards exported has annu- 
dly returned near fifty thoufand pounds.' 
The numbers which are fometimes taken at 
one fhooting out of the nets is indeed aftonifli- 
ingly great. Dr. Borlafe afTured Mr. Pennant, 
that on the fifth of Odober 1767, there was at 
one time enclofed in St. Ives's Bay 7000 ho^- 
fheads, each hoglhead containing 35000 fifhj in 
all 245000000. 
PILE-WORMS. A kind of worms of va- 
rious fizes, from three to thirteen inches in length, 
found in the piles of the fea-dikes in Holland. 
Their heads are covered with two hard fnells, or 
hemicrania; which together form a figure refem- 
bling an auger, and with which they bore the 
wood. The beft remedy againft them is to per- 
forate the piles with many holes, each about an 
inch afundcr; then to rub them over with varnifli 
inthehotteft fun; and, while the varnifh is warm, 
to flrew it over with brick-duft. This operation 
fhould be repeated till the piles are covered with 
a fbrong cruft, impenetrable to every infeft. 
PILHANNAW. An appellation given by 
the Indians to an American bird of prey, very 
large and bold; defcribed by Joflelyn as being 
four times as big as the European gofhawk, and 
having a remarkable large head. The other 
tribes of birds dread it's approach; but it princi- 
pally feeds on young quadrupeds. 
PILLVENKEGEN. An appellation given 
by Aldrovandus to a bird of the fnipe kind, fup- 
pofed by many to be the fame with the bird called 
by us the Knot. 
PILOT FISH. This fifli receives it's name 
from a quality afcribed to it of following the tracks 
c-f fhips till they reach their harbours. It is about 
the fize of the mackarel ; has a long fmooth head ; 
and a fnout advancing four inches beyond the 
mouth. It has two fmall fins near the head ; ano- 
ther fin running along the back from the head to 
the tail ; and a third under the belly, of fimilar 
length. The head is very fmall ; and the body is 
covered with a lozenge-coloured fkin. 
PINIROLO. A bird of the tringa kind, 
fomewhat approaching to the fand-piper, but 
larger. The bill is blacl< ; the body is of a mixed 
chefnut-colour and black ; and the belly and breaft 
are perfedly white. This bird is common in fe- 
veral parts of Italy. 
PINNA. In the Linnsan fyflem, a genus of 
the teftacea worms. The animal is a Aug. The 
fhell is bivalve, fragile, and furnifhed with a 
beard; it gapes at one end; and has a hinge with- 
out a tooth. Linnreus enumerates eight fpecies. 
The Pinna Marina, like the mufcle, is held by a 
number of threads, proceeding from it's body, 
fixed to any adjoining fubftance; and with thefe 
threads it pofTciTes the faculty of fpinning, after the 
manner of the fpider and the caterpillar: they are 
almofl: as fine as the threads of the filk-worm ; and, 
like them, have at all times been manufaftured 
into ufe. The fineft byfius of the ancients was 
fabricated from thefe filaments; and at prefent 
they are manufaftured at Palermo, and feveral 
other places, into gloves, ftockings, and other 
wearing apparel. 
It may be naturally fiippofed that threads of 
fuch a delicate contexture cannot poflibly pofiefs 
great ftrength: however, what is wanting in the 
force of each, is made up in the number of them. 
Thev difi'er in nothing from the threads of the 
mufcic, except in their firmxiefs and length, which 
PIP 
in rhefe is much greater, and this renders thera 
more valuable. In order to make tlie diftinctioa 
flill more obvious to thofe wl;o are unacquainted 
v/ith the difiercnt fpecies, let it be obferved, that 
the Pinna is the filk-worm of the fea, and the 
mufcle the caterpillar. 
Several fpecies of the Pinna or nacre are found 
on the Britifh coafts. 
_ PINTADO. An appellation given by the an- 
cient Romans to the Guinea hen. See Guinea 
Hen. 
PIPE riSH. A genus of filli; the diflin- 
guiPning charadlers of which are: that the nofe is 
long and tubular; that there is no orifice to the 
gills; that the breathing aperture is on the hind 
part of the head; that there are no ventral fins; 
and that the body is covered with a ftrong cruft. 
Pipe, Long ; the Syngnathus Barbarus of Lin- 
n^us. This fpecies is fometimes two feet long, 
but commonly fixteen inches. The nofe is one 
inch in length, comprefled fideways, and reverted 
at the extremity of the lower mandible; and the 
aperture of the mouth is very fmall. The iridcs 
are red ; and behind each eye there is a deep brown 
line. The body, at the thickeft part, is about the 
thicknefs of a fwan's quill, hexangular from the 
end of the dorfal fin, and from thence to the tail 
quadrangular. The belly is flightly carinated, 
and marked along the middle with a dufky line ; 
and under the tail there is a fulcus or groove, fix 
inches and a half long, covered by two longitudi- 
nal valves, which at the proper ieafon conceal a 
multitude of young fifh. 
The general colour of the Long Pipe is an 
olive brown ; the fides are marked with numbers 
of blueilli lines, pointing from the back to the 
belly; the dorfal fi.n, which is narrow and thin, 
confifts of forty rays; the perioral fins are com- 
pofed of twelve ; and the anal of three. The body, 
as far as the vent, is of an equal thicknefs; but 
from thence tapers to a very fmall point. 
When this fifh is dried, it appears as if covered 
with numbers of angular crufts, finely radiated 
from their centre. 
Pipe, Short; the Syngnathus Acus of Lin- 
nseus. This fifh is fliorter and thicker than the 
former, though it Ibmetimes meafures fixteen in- 
ches in length. The middle of the body, in 
fome, is hexangular ; in others, heptangular ; and 
from hence Linnaeus confiders them as two fpe- 
cies, thougli they are more properly varieties of 
the fame. The mouth is fmall ; the irides are yel- 
low; and clofe behind the head are fituated the 
perioral fins, which are fmall and fhort. On the 
lower part of the back there is one narrow fin; 
and beyond the vent the tail commences, which 
is long and quadrangular; and at it's extremity 
there is a round radiated fin. The body is co- 
vered with a ftrong cruft, elegantly divided into 
fmall compartments; the belly is v/hite; and the 
other parts are brown. 
Pipe, Little; the Syngnathus Ophidion of 
LinncEus. It is about five inches long, fiender, 
and tapering off to a point; it wants both the pec- 
toral and tail fins ; and is covered with a fmooth 
fi^in, whereas the other kinds are furnilbed with a 
cruft. 
This fpecies is not viviparous. On the belly 
of the female there is a long fulcus, in which the 
eggs are difpofed in two or three rows. 
PIPER ; the Trigla Lyra of Linnsus. This 
fifti is frequently caught on the weftern coafcs of 
t^is 
