P u c 
If obferved while the branches are undifrurbed, 
they appear perfeftly quiet, and feem to pals their 
whole life in a ftate of inadtivity, though they 
are all this time engaged in the moft innportant 
bufmefs of it, namely, that of extra6ling their 
nourifhment from the juices of the tree. This is 
performed by means of a flender trunk, which 
cafily efcapes the naked eye; but, by the affift- 
ance of the microfcope, is abundantly percepti- 
ble: this trunk is generally two-thirds of the 
length of the body; but when the animal is in 
motion, it is fo clofely applied under the belly, 
as to efcape obfervation. 
When two feries of thefe infeds are placed one 
over another, thofe which occupy the upper feries 
are ufually the largeft, as well as nimblefl in their 
motions. In this fituation they have no power of 
fucking the plant; but being fuch animals as have 
no farther need of nourifhment, they are employed 
in propagating their kind. 
The Pucerons multiply fo quickly, that there 
are commonly many females on the fame leaf in 
the a61; of parturition at once, as has been obferved 
by Reaumur; and fuch is their fecundity, that 
when they have once begun, they feem ro conti- 
nue to bring forth inceffantly for a confiderable 
tinr-:. They often produce fifteen or twenty fuc- 
cefiively ; and if their bodies be (lightly fqueezed 
afterwards, vaft numbers, in an embryo ftate, 
may be expreffed. 
Wherever thefe infects are found in abundance, 
the ant tribes generally attend them. This cir- 
cumftance has been obferved by feveral natura- 
lifts, who have fuppofed that the ants fed on 
them ; but this opinion has been adopted without 
fufficient reafon: the ants, indeed, frequent the 
fame places; but only for the fake of a thick fac- 
charine matter, which fills up every interftice be- 
tween the Pucerons. This matter might natu- 
rally be fuppofed to be the juice of the tree fimply 
cxtravafated ; but experience proves, that it is no- 
thing elfe but the excrement of thefe Pucerons, 
which is always found in a liquid ftate. 
Like moft other infedts, the Fuceron changes 
t's fkin three or four times before it acquires it's 
full growth: thefe exuviae perfe6lly refemble the 
animal in it's natural ftate, the legs and other 
parts being all in their proper places; but what- 
ever be the original colour of the Puceron, the 
(lough is always whitifti. 
The male and female Pucerons greatly differ in 
their form, even in a nafcent ftate; but much 
more eminently at the time of their maturity, the 
male, as has commonly been fuppofed, being then 
furniftied with wings, of which the female is always 
deftitute. But notwithftanding the general opi- 
nion that the winged Pucerons are all males, and 
the unwinged ones females, it appears that their 
manner of fecundation is as yet unknown. In- 
deed, the moft recent obfervations convince us, 
that the commonly received diftin6lion of fexes is 
not ftridlly true; for the winged ones, as well as 
the others, bring forth young. Some authors 
have conje6tured, that thefe winged and naked 
Pucerons are the offspring of different families of 
feveral fpecies living together; but the contrary 
is proved by this circumft.;nce, that the winged 
ones are found to produce fome winged and fome 
raked ones; and the naked to generate both kinds 
in the fame manner. 
The young Pucerons being themfelves filled 
with embryos, and that in every individual, as^ar 
P U F 
as hitherto examined, has given rife to various 
ftrange ideas of their manner of generation. Many 
have imagined them to be all hermaphrodites; 
and as no copulation has ever been obferved 
among them, each has been fuppofed to impreg- 
nate itfelf. However, the moft recent opinion 
is, that when a female is once impregnated by a 
male, ftie will bring forth young ones already im- 
pregnated with others; and thus to the third or 
fourth fucceffion : fo that copulation is only ne- 
ceflary to thefe animals once in three or four ge- 
nerations; and the defcendants in this degree of 
an old Puceron that has had congrefs with a 
male, will generate without any fuch perfonal 
contadt. 
Puceron, Bladder. A fpecies of the Puce- 
ron clafs, which forms for itfelf a fmall bladder on 
the leaves of trees, and there takes up it's refi- 
dence. 
Puceron, Bastard. See Fig-Insect. 
Puceron, Grub. See Grub. 
Puceron-Eater. See Lion Puceron. 
PUDENDUM REGALE. See Apnrodita. 
PUDIANO. An American filh, called alfo 
pasdrano, apaimixira, and tetimixira; about the 
fizeofa middling perch, though not fo broad. 
The whole body is of a gold colour; except that 
the upper part of the head, and the back to the 
extremity of the dorfal fin, are of a beautiful pur- 
ple; and that the rim or edge of the ventral fin is 
alfo purple. The fiefti is wholefome, and agree- 
able to the tafte. 
PUDIANO VERDO. An American fifli 
of an oblong ftiape, about feven inches long, 
and two broad. The colour is very beautiful, 
and the flefti is delicate and well-flavoured. 
PUFFIN; the Alca Ardlica of Linnasus; and 
the Anas Ardlica Clufii, or the northern duck. 
The weight of this bird is about twelve ounces; 
it's length is twelve inches; and the expanfion of 
it's wings is twenty-one. The bill is fhort, broad 
at the bafe, compreffed on the fides and running 
up to a ridge, triangular, and terminating in a 
fharp point. The bafe of the upper mandible is 
ftrengthened with a white, narrow, prominent 
rim, full of fmall holes; the bill, near the head, is 
of a blueifli grey colour, and the lower part red; 
in the former there is one tranfverfe furrow, but in 
the latter there are three furrows. The fize of 
the bill varies in different birds. The noftrils are 
long and narrow; the irides are grey; and the 
edges of the eye-lids are of a fine crimfon colour. 
On the upper eye-lid there is a fingular callous 
fubftance, of a grey colour and triangular form; 
and on the lower there is another of an oblong 
fhape. The crown of the head, the whole upper 
part of the body, the tail, and the covert- feathers 
of the wings, are black; the quill-feathers are 
dufky ; the checks are white, and full of plumage ; 
the chin is of the fame colour, bounded on each 
fide by a broad bed of grey ; and from the angle 
of each eye there is a fmall feparation of the fea- 
thers, terminating at the back of the head. The 
neck is encircled v/ith a broad collar of black; 
but the whole lower part of the body is white. 
The tail, which is black, is compofed of fixteen 
feathers. The legs are fmall, of an orange co- 
lour, and placed fo far behind, as to render the 
bird incapable of ftanding otherwife than in an 
ere6t pofition, refting not only on the foot, but 
the whole length of the leg: which circumftancc 
renders the rife of the Puffin from the ground very 
difficult; 
