R U D 
ROTHBEINLEN. See Red-Skank. 
ROTKNUSSEL. A Gt rnrian appellation for 
the Gallinula Melainpus of Gefner, approaching 
to the nature of the fnipe kind. It's back is 
brown, with a flifi;ht admixture of reddifh, and 
fome fpots of a dufky colour; it's wings are va- 
riegated with black and white; and it's beak and 
lco;s are black. This bird is common in manv 
partr, of the German empire. 
ROTSCHWENTZEL. The German name 
for a bird apparently the fame with the ruticilla or 
red-ftart. 
ROTSIMPA. A Swedilh term for a fpecies 
of cottus, called alfo fcorpius marinus. Artedi 
diftinguifties it under the name of the fiTiooth cot- 
tus, with many thorns on the head, and with the 
upper jaw fomewhat longer than the under. 
ROrULA. A genus of echini marini of the 
general clafs of the placentae. The characters of 
the R.otulJE are; that they are flat fhells, compofed 
of various pieces, and formed into a circular 
figure, fomewhat like that of a wheel; but want- 
ing one or more parts of it's outer ring, and ra- 
diated or dentated. The mouth is fituated in 
the middle of the bafe; and the aperture of the 
anus in the third region of the axis, marked with 
a cinquefoil flower at the fummit: however, the 
great and obvious character is the dentated edge. 
There are two known fpecies of this genus. 
Rorui.A is alfo an appellation given by fome 
autiiors to the faber or doree. 
ROUGET. A name by which fome French 
ichthyologifts exprels the lyra and capo of authors. 
It is a fpecies of the trigla; and diftinguiflied by 
Artedi under the name of the trigla with the long 
bifid fnout and tubulous noftrils. 
ROUND-FISH. An Eafl: Indian fifh, rather 
imperfeftly defcribed, but faid to refemble the 
whiting, except that it has a fmall head and tail ; 
and a prominent belly, with two fins on the lower 
part of it, like tliofe of an eel. The fiefh is much 
admired. 
RUBELLiO. An appellation by Vv^hich fome 
ichthyologifts have expreiTed a {mall fea-fifh of a 
red (Colour, caught in the Mediterranean, and 
more uliially ftiled the erythrinus. 
RUBELLUS. A name given by fome authors 
to the common roach, and by others to the rud or 
finfcale. 
RUBETA. A clafncal appellation for the 
toad. See Toad. 
RUBETRA. A name by which Gefner and 
fome other ornithologifts exprefs that fpecies of 
the oenanthe commonly denominated the flone- 
* chatter, or moor-titling. 
RUBICILLA AMERICANA. A Brazilian 
bird, called in that country guiratirica. It be- 
longs to the bull-finch kind; and is very beauti- 
fully variegated with red, black, and grey. 
RUBICULUS. A name given by fome ich- 
thyologifl;s to the roach. It belongs to the genus 
of cyprinus; and is diftinguifhed by Artedi un- 
der the name of the red-eyed cyprinus, with the 
tail and ventral fins red. 
RUBUS. An appellation by which fome na- 
turalifts exprefs the fl<ate or flaire, a fpecies of 
ray. 
RUDD; theCyprinusErythropthalmusof Lin- 
nr^us. The body of this fifii is extremely deep, 
like that of the bream, but much thicker ; the head 
is fmall; the irides are yellow, varying almoft to 
red ; the back is extremely arched, flopingofF fud- 
VOL. II. 
R U F 
denly to the head and tail ; the fcales are very 
large; and the lateral line is flightly incurvated. 
The dorfal fin confifts of eleven rays: the firfl: h 
very fhortj the fecond very fl:rong, and ferrated 
on each fide. The peftoral fins confift of feven- 
teen rays; the ventral of nine; and the anal of 
thirteen. The back is olivaceous; the fides and 
belly are yellow, with fome marks of red; the 
ventral and anal fins, together with the tail, are 
generally of a deep red hue; and the tail is bifid. 
This fifh, which fpawns in April, is found in 
the Cherwell, near Oxford; in the Witham, in 
Lincolnfhire; and in the fens of Holdernefs* 
Plot, in his Natural Hiftory of OxfordHiire, gives 
it the appellation of Finfcale. It is alfo deno- 
minated the red-eye. 
RUDDOCK. An Engllfh appellation for the 
rubecula; more commonly called the red-breafl, 
or robin red-breaft. 
RUFFE ; the Perca Cernua of Linnsus. Ar- 
tedi diftinguilhes this filh from others of the fame 
genus by the name of the pearch with only one 
dorfal fin; and a cavernous head, with fmall teeth 
difpofed in rows. The dorfal fin extends along 
the greateft part of the back ; it's firfl: rays are 
ftrong, fharp, and fpiny ; but the others are foft. 
The perioral fins confifl of fifteen ravs; the cen- 
tral of fix; and the anal of eight. The tail is 
flightly bifurcated; and the body is covered with 
rough fcales. The back and fides are of a dirty 
green colour, the lafl; inclining to yellow, and 
both fpotted with black; the dorfal fin is alfo 
fpotted with black j and the tail is marked with 
tranfverfe bars. 
Thefe fifh are bred in feveral of our Englifh 
fl:reams ; and being gregarious, they afl^emble in 
large fhoals, in the deepefl: places. 
The Ruffe may be kept a confiderable time in. 
aglafs jar, the water being often changed; where 
it will become very tame and familiar : however, 
itmuft be fupplied with more food than the ani- 
malcules in the water can furnifh, otherwife it will 
foon languifh and die. No fifh is more viva- 
cious; for it will live twenty or thirty minutes fe- 
parate fromi the water, without fuftaining any fen- 
fible injury. 
Ruffe, Black. Jagohas left a fhort defcrip- 
tion of this creature under the appellation of the 
black fifh. It agrees with the Ruffe in the form 
of the body, the fmallnefs of the teeth, and in 
having a fingle extenfive fin on the back and a 
forked tail. It is fmooth, with very fmall thin 
fcales; fifteen inches long, and three quarters of 
an inch broad. The head and nofe refemble thofe 
of a trout; and it has a little mouth, with a large 
double nofl:ril. 
Two fifh of this kind were taken at Loo, in the 
year 172 1, in the Sean, by means of fmall ore- 
weed. 
RUFFE ; the Tringa Pugnax of Linnasus. 
A fmall bird, the female of which is called the 
reeve. 
The Ruffe has feathers of various colours ; but 
it is principally diflinguiflied by a very remark- 
able circle of long feathers furrounding the neck, 
whence it receives it's name. On the back of the 
neck there is a tuft of feathers, fpreading wide on 
both fides : in fome birds, thefe feathers round the 
neck are black; in others, white, yellow, or fer- 
ruginous; and even in the fame bird they fre- 
quently differ in colour. The coverts of tlic 
wings are brown or afh-coloured ; the feathers on 
3 P the 
