SAL 
they are no fooner entered, than thefe openings 
fhutj and prevent their return. Thus the Salmon 
are enclofed as in a refervoir, where they are eafily 
taken. 
Near Flixon, in Lancafhire, the inhabitants 
fifh for Sahnon in the night-time, by the light of 
torches, or kindled ftraw; which the filh miftak- 
ing for day-light, make towards, and are ftruck 
with fpears, or taken in nets, which having been 
previoufly difpofed where the fire was intended 
to be kindled, are lifted up with a fudden jerk 
from the bottom. In fome parts of Scotland, 
men on horfe-back enter the rivers; and when- 
ever they difcover any Salmon in the fhallows, 
flioot them with fire-arms. It is alfo a common 
pradlice to dart thefe fifli as they attempt to pafs 
the wiers. 
The fifliing feafon commences in the Tweed 
on the 30th of November; but the fifhermen make 
but little progrefs till after Chrilbnas. It ends 
on Michaelmas-day; but the corporation of Ber- 
wick, who are confervators of that river, indulge 
the fifhermen with fome additional days. 
There are no lefs than forty-one confiderable 
fifheries on the Tweed, extending upwards of 
fourteen miles from it's mouth, which are rented 
for more than five thoufand pounds yearly. A 
misfortune, however, attends this river, which 
feems to require a parliamentary remedy; namely, 
that part of the fiihery belongs to Scotland, and 
part to Berwick; and, from an oppofition of in- 
terefts, they feldom unite in the prefervation of 
the filh : fo that in fome filheries they continue 
killing the Salmon during the whole winter, when 
the death of one filh proves the deftruflion of 
thoufands. About the month of July, the cap- 
ture in this river is prodigious: in a good fiihery, 
a boat's load is often taken at a time; upwards of 
feven hundred fifh have been occafionally caught 
at one haul ; and from fifty to a hundred is a very 
common drauo;ht. 
All fifhermen agree that no food is ever found 
in the ftomachs of thefe filh. It is probable that, 
during the time of fpawning, they may wholly 
negledl their aliment, as fea-lions and fea-bears 
are known to do for months together during their 
breeding feafon ; and it may be obferved that, like 
thofe animals, Salmon return to the fea in a lean 
ftate, though they left it in very good condition. 
It is evident that they frequently vary their food, 
for anglers ufe both fifli and worms with good 
fuccefs ; and fometimes a large, gaudy, artificial 
fly, proves a very tempting bait. 
Artedi enumerates ten fpecies of this genus ; 
and Linnasus increafes the catalogue to twenty- 
nine, dividino; them into four clafi^es. 
Salmon, Alpine; the Salmo Alpinus of Lin- 
nasus. See Charr. 
Salmon, Grey. See Grev. 
SALMON PEEL. An appellation given to 
a fifh very common in fome of the Welfli rivers; 
agreeing in the colour of it's flefh, and perhaps 
alfo in kind, with the common Salmon. 
SALMON SEWSE. A name by which the 
young fry of the falmon is fometimes expreffed. 
SALMON TROUT; the Salmo Trutta of 
Linnaeus. This fifli, which is alfo denominated 
tlie trutta lacuftris, the bull-trout, and fcurff", 
differs from the Salmon in it's tail being lefs bi- 
fid ; from the grey, in having a fliorter and thicker 
head; and from both, in being fmaller, feldom 
exceeding twenty inches in length. It's flefh is 
SAM 
white, and lefs delicate than that of the falmoa 
and the grey. 
Thefe filh delight in deep holes, and ufually 
fhelter themfelves under the roots of trees. When 
watching for their prey, they generally make 
choice of that fide of the hoje which is towards 
the ftream, that they may more readily catch 
whatever food the current brings down with it. 
They will rife at artificial flies like falmon; but 
their moft favourite baits are well-fcoured brand- 
lings, efpecially fuch as are bred in tanners 
yards. 
Salmon Trout continue in feafon during the 
whole fummer; and may be angled for either in 
the mornings or evenings. The angler muft 
keep out of fight, and let his line fall into the 
fl:ream without any lead except one fingle fhot; 
and then it will be carried gradually into the 
place where the Trout refides. 
This fifh fometimes weighs about four pounds. 
The irides are filvery; the head is thick, fmooth, 
and dufky, with a glofs of blue and green ; and 
the back is of the fame colour, except that it be- 
comes fainter towards the lateral line. The 
fides, as far as the lateral line, are marked with 
large, diflinft, irregular-fhaped fpots of black ; 
and the fides beneath the line, as well as the belly, 
are white. The dorfal fin confifts of twelve rays, 
the perioral of fifteen, the ventral of nine, and 
the anal of ten. 
The defcriptions of this fifh are frequently very 
obfcure. It's name is varicufly applied: fome- 
times it is ufed to exprefs the young of the fal- 
mon ; and at others it is given to a kind of pond- 
trout found in France, which frequently weighs 
upwards of thirty pounds. 
SALPA ; the Sparus Salpa of Linnaus. A 
fifh caught in the Mediterranean, and commonly 
feen in the Italian markets. It is ufually about 
a foot in length, and fomewhat flatted; the body 
is confiderably thick ; and the back is fkraighr. 
The fides are variegated with a number of fine 
gold-coloured lines running longitudinally; the 
intermediate fpaces between thefe, toward the 
back, being of a blueifh green, and white toward 
the belly. The mouth is extremely finall ; and the 
teeth, which are thick and broad below, termi- 
nate in a double point. There is only one dor- 
fal fin, the anterior rays of which are prickly, and 
the hinder ones foft. 
Thefe fifh generally frequent the fhores in 
large fhoalsj but their flelh is held in litde efti- 
mation. 
SALPUGA. See Solipuga. 
SAMLET ; the Salmulus of Ray. A fifh of 
the truttaceous kind, frequently found in the 
Wye, where it is called fl<;irling or lafpring ; in the 
upper part of the Severn, and thofe rivers that 
join it; and in the north of England, in Wales, 
and in Scotland, where it is called par, brand- 
ling, or fingery. It feldom exceeds fevcn inches 
in length. It's fhape bears a flrong refemblance 
to that of the trout; but differs in the following 
particulars : the head is narrower, the mouth lefs, 
and the body deeper; it has fewer fpots, and thofe 
of a deader colour; the peroral fins have gene- 
rally one large black- fpot, attended fometimes 
with a fmall one; whereas the pedloral fins of the 
trout are more varioufly marked. The tail is 
more bifid ; the fpurious, or fat fin on the back, 
is never tipt with red ; nor is the edge of the 
anal fin white: the fides under the lines are yel- 
lowifhi 
