SAN 
lowilh; and there are feveral blueifh ftreaks near 
the lateral line, though thefe laft are fometimes 
found in young troutS; 
Man/ have imagined this fi(h to be the fry of 
the falmon; but Pennant dilTents from this opi- 
nion, for thefe judicious reafons: becaufe the fal- 
mon fry never continue in frelh water during the 
whole year, but difappear after the firft vernal 
flood that happens, which fweeps them into the 
fea: becaufe the growth of the falmon fry is fo 
tapid, that they foon exceed the bulk of the largefl: 
Samlet! becaufe the falmon attains a confiderable 
bulk before it begins to breed, whereas the Sam- 
lets are found males and females, of the common 
fize, diftinguifhed by the milt and roe; and be- 
caufe they frequent the frelh waters at all times of 
the year, and even at feafons when the falmon fry 
have gained a confiderable fize. 
The Samlets fpawn in November and Decem- 
ber; at which time thofe of the Severn pufh up 
towards the head of that fair river, quitting the 
lelTer brooks; and, after having accomplifhed this 
momentous purpofe of their lives, they return 
again. 
SAND-EEL. An appellation by which fome 
authors cxprefs the launce, or ammodytes. 
SAND-PIPER. A name given by Pennant 
to the tringa of Linnaeus; becaufe moft of the 
fpecies belonging to this genus are found about 
the fhores, and have a whiftling or piping note. 
SAND-SWALLOW ; the Hirundo Riparia of 
Linnseiis. A very fmall bird, which builds in 
holes and fand-pits ; and alfo in the banks of ri- 
vers, penetrating fome feet deep, and boring 
through the foil in a furprlfing manner with it's 
feet, claws, and bill. It forms it's nefl: of hay, 
ftraw, and other materials; and lines it with fea- 
thers. It lays five or fix white eggs; and brings 
forth it's young the earliefi: of the fwallow tribe. 
The head and whole upper part of the body of 
this bird are moufe-coloured ; the throat is white, 
encircled with a moufe-coloured ring; the belly 
is alfo Vv'hite; and the feet are fm.ooth and black. 
SANDERLING; the Charadrius Caladris of 
LinnjELis. This bird is a native of fome parts of 
Lancailiire ; but is by far more numerous in Corn- 
wall, where whole flocks are feen together. It 
weighs little more than one ounce and a half; it's 
length is eight inches; and the expanfion of it's 
wings is fifteen. The body is of a more flender 
form than others of that genus; the bill is one 
inch long, weak, and black; the head and hind 
part of the neck are afh-coloured, marked with 
oblong black ftreaks ; the back and fcapulars are 
of a brownifn grey hue edged with dirty white; 
the coverts of the wings, and the upper parts of 
the quill-feathers, are dufl<y ; and the whole un- 
der-fiJe of the body is white, but in fome flightly 
clouded vv'ith brown. The tail confifts of twelve 
ftiarp-pointed feathers of a deep afh-colour; and 
the legs are black. 
SANGUINEROLA. An Italian appellation 
for the phoxinuSj or minnov/; fo called from the 
blood-red colour which is confpicuous under it's 
belly. Artedi makes it a fpecies of the cyprinus. 
SANGUISUGA. A name by which fome 
naturalifts exprefs the hirudo, or leech. 
SANS PAREILLE. The French term for a 
particular fpecies of buccinum, the m.outh of 
which opens a contrary way to that of the other 
buccina. This is a fingle fpecies among the re- 
cent (ht<.\]s of this genus j but, among the foITile 
Vol. il. 
S A R 
or.es, we find feveral in England with this pecu- 
Jiarity^ 
SARACHINUS. An appellation given by 
fome ichthyologifts to the filh called by the ge- 
nerality of authors thrifia; in Ertglifh/the fhad, 
or mother of herrings. 
Naturalifts have given names to the herring 
kinds according to their different growth and 
fize, and multiplied the fpecies much beyond the 
truth. Artedi obferves, that the agonus and Sa- 
rachinus are only herrings of different growth; 
and that the alaufa minor of ichthyologifts is fyno- 
nymous with agonus. 
SARACUS. A name by which fome writers 
exprefs a fifh of the herring kind ; called alfo ago- 
nus, and alaufa minor. 
SARDA. An appellat ion fometimes given 
to the fifh more ufually known by that of pela- 
mys, or pelamys Sarda; a creature refembling a 
young tunny, but furnifhed with longer and larger 
teeth, and without any fcales. 
^ SARDANUS. A fifli of the harengiform 
kind, caught in the Mediterranea.i, and common 
in the markets of Rome and Venice. The body 
is broader than that of the pilchard; the back is 
green ; and the line running along the belly is 
confiderably fmoother than in that fifli. 
It is indeed eafy to diftinguifh this iiili from 
the pilchard ; but more arduous to explain in what 
refpeft it differs from the common herring, except 
in fize: Willughby therefore feems to think it 
probable, that it is no diftind fpecies of fifti; but 
that the herring, like the pilchard, is always 
fmaller in the Mediterranean than in the ocean. 
SARDELLA. An appellation whereby fome 
writers exprefs the pilchard of the Mediterranean; 
which they fuppofe to be difi'erent from that of 
the ocean, though in reality they appear to be the 
fame, except in fize; which circumftance origi- 
nates from their fituation. 
SARDINA. A name by which fome ichthy- 
ologifts exprefs the fmall pilchard of the Medi- 
terranean. 
SARFE. A term fometimes ufed to fignify 
the red-eye. 
SARGUS. A fifh well known to the ancients, 
and much efteemed for the delicacy of it's flelh ; 
ftill caught in abundance in the Mediterranean 
and Adriatic. 
The fliape of the Sargus fomewhat refernbles 
that of the fparus; but it's nofe is longer, and 
more pointed, turning up a little; and it's fore- 
teeth are fliaped like the human. It has no tu- 
bercles in the hind part of it's jaws, as the fparus 
has; and it's whole body is variegated with brown 
tranfverfe rings, refembling the variegations of 
the pearch. It lias only one dorfal fin, the ante- 
rior rays of which are prickly, and the pofterior 
foft. 
SARGUS. A river-fifh; called alfo gardon, 
fardus, and cephalus; and by many fuppofed to be 
little different from the common roach. In it's 
general figure, it relembles the chub; but it has a 
fmaller head, and a fomewhat broader body. The 
back is blueifh; the neck greenifli; and the belly 
white. It's eyes are yellow; it is deftitute of 
teeth; and it is ufually leaner than the chub. 
This fifh is extremely briflc and lively; and is 
therefore ufed as an emblem of health among the 
French, who, in imitation of our proverb, ' As 
found as a roach,' fay, ' As found as a gardon.' 
It is common in the rivers of France, Italy, and 
3 R Germany.; 
