S C A 
the head, as in the zygfcna ; and the lips are rough 
and fliarp like a file, which fupply the place of 
teeth. The head is terminated by a long flat 
bony fubftance, furniOied with jaggs or points on 
each fide, like the deep teeth of a faw ; of which 
there are from twenty to thirty on each fide. This 
fubftance is fometimes five feet long. 
The Saw Filli, which is a native of the Atlantic 
Ocean, has a round body, gradually leffening 
towards the tail. 
SAW-FLY. A genus o*^' tvv^o-winged flies, 
whofe mouth is formed of laws ; the wings lie 
plain ; the fcutcheon has rvvo fmall, diftant, ele- 
vated points, on it's hinder part ; and the weapon 
at the tail, which is fhort, is formed of two plates 
jagged like a faw, and hollowed longitudinally in 
the female, but plain in the male, 
Saw-Fly, Mourning ; the .Tenthredo Luc- 
tuofa of Hill. The antlers of this fpecics have 
feven joints ; the head and trunk are red ; and 
the body is black. The eyes are blue; the feel- 
ers are fliort and pale; and the fcutcheon is of a 
deep red colour, the points which appear on it 
being blue. The legs are gre", and furniflied 
with two claws; the wings are of a pale yellowifli 
brown colour, with little yellow prominences on 
the ribs, and an edge of deeper yellow; the tail 
is of a deep brown hue; and the fling or faw, 
which is flatted and thin, is of a chefniit brown. 
This is the Tenthredo Alni of Linnaeus; a 
pretty, quiet, melancholy fly, found among alder 
plantations; and often fatally entangled in the 
clammy juice that iffues from their leaves. It 
originates from a yellow worm with a black head, 
and twenty minute feet. During the winter, it 
lies buried in the earth, where it undergoes it's 
transformations; and comes abroad in May in it's 
full perfe£lion and beauty. 
Saw-Fly, Mottled ; the Tenthredo Varie- 
gata of Hill, and Sylvatica of Linna?us. This 
Angular and delicate fly frequents damp woods 
and moors during the months of Auguft and 
September. The head is of a fhining blue co- 
lour; the eyes are green; the anders are amber- 
coloured, and compofed of more than twenty 
joints; the feelers are fhort and brown; and the 
jaws are of a yellow brown hue. The trunk is 
iron grey, mottled with irregular fpots of gold ; 
the fcutcheon is entirely raven grey, with black 
points ; the body i'^ of a deep black colour above, 
and raven grey below; the legs are of a fine vivid 
yellow, with black claws ; the wings are brown, 
with duflcy edges; and the tail is amber-coloured. 
This cieature generally lives in bufhes, feeding 
on their juices and fap ; and when the female lays 
her eggs, an acid mucilaginous juice flows out 
v/ith them, which perverts the courfe of the fap 
in the plant, and occanons a kind of gall. 
SAYACU. A Brazilian bird, about tlie fize 
of the chaffinch. It's body is entirely of a greyifli 
green colour ; it's 'oack and wings are of the mofl: 
vivid beauty; and it's eyes and beak are black. 
SAYA N. An appellation by which fome au- 
thors exprefs that fpecies of fea-fwallow whofe 
neft is fo famous as an ingredient in foups. 
SCAD ; the Scomber Trachurus of Linnaeus. 
This fiih, called alfo the horfe-mackerel, is about 
fixteen inches long ; the nofe is fharp ; the eyes 
are large; the irides are filvery ; the lower jaw is 
fomev^hat longer than the upper ; and the edges 
of both are rough, but deftitute of teeth. A 
large black fpot appears on the covers of the 
S C A 
gills ; the fcales are large and thin ; and the loWef 
half of the body is quadrangular, and marked on 
each fide with a row of thick ftrong Icaies extend- 
ing to the tail. The firft dorfal fin confifts of* 
eight ftrong fpines ; the fccond, which riles ex- 
a6l]y behind it, is compofed of thirty-four fcfc 
rays, and reaches almoft to the tail ; the pe6loral 
fins, which are long and narrow, confift of twenty 
rays ; and the vennral contain fix branchiofliege 
rays. The vent is nuuated in the middle of tlie 
belly; and the tail is much forked. The head 
and upper part of the body are varied vv^ith blue 
and green ; and the belly is filvery. The flefli, 
which is firm and well-tafted, has the flavour of 
mackerel. 
SCALLOP. A genus of fliell fifli, whofe ani- 
mal is a tethys, growing to a large fize; and 
which is dredged up, pickled and barrelled for 
fale. The fhell is bivalve, one of the fliutters 
being concave, the other plane or flat. The 
hinge is flightly bent from the concave fliell, and 
thence carried over a part of the plain fhell; and 
in the middle, as well as in the intermediate fpace, 
it is firmly conne6led to a cartilage. In the cen- 
tre of the hinge is placed another fhort, black, 
and very ftrong inftrument of a fimilar kind. 
Hence we may perceive to what that remark- 
able power this animal pofl!efl~es of opening and 
fhutting it's fhell is to be afcribed ; and it is very 
})ofrible that, by the aflaftance of fuch a very 
ftrong apparatus of tendons or ligaments, it may 
be enabled to move the plane fliel! in fo fwift and 
regular, and at the fame time fo forcible a man- 
ner, as to forward it's progrefllve motion ; and 
probably it may fupply the place of a wing to 
beat againft the water, as the pinion of a bird 
againft the air. Thus, what the ancients have 
fo frequently faid of this creature's moving fo ra- 
pidly from one place to another, may be literally 
true ; though modern obfervers have failed to re- 
mark this peculiarity in the like full extent with 
thofe of antiquity. See Pecten. 
SCARABtEUS, the Beetle. An extremely 
numerous clafs of infecfts, belonging to the order 
of coleoptera in the Linnsean fyftem, diftinguiflied 
by clavated and fiflale antennae, and by having the 
fore-legs generally dentated. Linnsus diftri- 
butes them into fuch as have a horned thorax; 
thofe having an unarmiCd thorax, and a horned 
head ; and fuch as have feet without claws, with 
an unarmed head and thorax. This great natu- 
ralift enumerates eighty-leven different i'pecies. 
In order to give a diftindl idea of the difl^ereiice 
of the fpecies, Lifter arranges them into a kind of 
method. The firft general diftinftion is into 
thofe which live on the land, and fuch as live in 
the water; of each of which there is a large num- 
ber. Thofe Beetles which inhabit the land, fome- 
times have their antennas laminated at the end; 
•others have them fliarp-pointed. In fome the 
cafes of the wings are perfefl; in others, they ap- 
pear mutilated. Some have the antenna inferted 
into a kind of promufcis, and thefe are called by 
the ancients gurguliones; in others, there is only 
one juncture of this member in the middle. In 
fome, there are feveral near the extremity; others 
have a fliarp-pointed inftrument at the head, and 
are denominated cimices. For a defcription of 
the moft curious Scarabasi, fee Beetle. 
ScARAB^us is alfo an appellation by whicli 
fome ichthyologifts exprefs that fpecies of fparus 
called otherwife the cantharus. 
SCARE-CROW. 
