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fome very curious and beautiful, which bear a 
large price; as the hammer oyfter and the cocks- 
combs. Linnjeus ranks the efcallops with the 
oyfter; Argenville and others reduce the ipon- 
dyles to this family; while Lifter ranks the ham- 
mer oyfter and fome others as efcallops. 
The fourth family is the anomise, confiftingof 
feveral foftile fpecies, but not more than three or 
four recent ones. Columna denominates them 
concha rariroes anomia;. Woodward firft ar- 
ranged the anomijE from the foftile Shells; Gual- 
tieri makes a particular genus of them, under the 
appellation of terebratula; andLinnsus confiders 
them as a diftinft genus, under the name of ano- 
mije, mixing the recent with the foftile kinds, and 
defining them to be Shells with unequal valves, 
one valve being flattifti, the other convex, the 
beak perforated, and the hinge inarticulate or 
toothlefs. Davila confiders them as a genus of 
oyfters; and defines them as Shells whofe beak or 
top of the under valve is perforated, and rifes 
curved on the upper valve. Da Cofta defcribes 
the anomise as bivalves, with unequal valves, and 
never eared. The beak of the largeil or inferior 
valve is greatly produced, and rifes or moves over 
the beak of the Imaller or upper valve, and is per- 
forated like a tube. The valves in fome fpecies 
are connected by an inarticulate or toothlefs, and 
in others by a multarticuiate, or many-toothed 
hinge, conftituting two. genera: tlie former are 
thofe in which the hinge of the under valve is a 
large finus or cavity, the angles whereof form two 
prominences or joints; and the upper valve is in- 
dented into it by a correfponding prominence to 
it's cavity, and by two fmall hollows, coinciding 
with the two joints: the latter are thofe whofe 
hinge lies on a long ftraight line, and is full of 
teeth, cxacflly like the Noah's ark Shells. This 
gentleman is of opinion that the animals inhabit- 
ing thefe Shells feldom open them, as moft others 
do, to admit their food; but receive their nou- 
riftiment through the tube or perforated beak 
only. 
The fpcond order of bivalves comprehends 
thofe Shells that have equal valves, and ftiut clofe ; 
fuch as the cockles, tellens, and mufcles. Da 
Cofta diftributes this order into three feftions; 
the multarticuiate, articulate, and inarticulate. 
The firft fedlion includes the lepto-polyginglymi, 
or multarticuiate Shells, v/ith a great number of 
teeth on the hinges, of which we meet with three 
families. 
The pe£linoide£, or Shells with equal valves, 
form the fifth family of bivalves. Thefe are ge- 
nerally flat; the hinge lies on a ftraight line like 
the efcallop, but is fet with feveral parallel and 
ftraight ridges or intermediate furrows; and the 
fides arediftimiiar. There are but few fpecies of 
this family. 
The fixth family is the peftunculi lepto-poly- 
ginslymi, or multarticuiate cockles. The Shells 
of this family refemble the cockle in every refpeft, 
except the hinge, which in thefe is furniftied with 
a great number of teeth; and in thofe with few, 
Linnseus places them in his genus of area. The 
fpecies are not very numerous. 
The feventh family is compofed of the arcse, 
arks, or boats, which have their hinges on a 
ftraight line, and are of afomewhat quadrangular 
or oblong figure, as the Noah's arks and fquare 
cockles. Aigenville places them in his fourth 
family of heart-cockles ; Davila makes them a 
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diftinft genus of his fourth family, and calls thertt 
arks; Gualtieri forms them into a genus under 
the appellation of concha rhomboidalis; and Lin- 
nasus ranks them as a diftinCl genus, which he de- 
nominates area. This fainily does not confift of 
many fpecies. 
The fecond feftion comprehends all bivalves 
with equal valves, which are not eared, and have 
few teeth on their hinge. Of this divifion there 
arc three families. 
The eighth family of peclunculi or cockles is 
charafterifed by a curved or femilunar hinge, fet 
with feveral ftrong teeth, from two to four in 
number; and may be divided into three genera. 
The pecftunculi or cockles ; the cham^ of fome 
modern authors; v/hich are convex or flattifh 
Shells of a circular fhape, and with fimilar ordif- 
fimilar fides, whofe beaks are not very prominent, 
and run much upwards towards the hinge. Ar- 
genville, Davila, and fome other conchologifts, 
call them cames; Gualtieri denominates them 
chamse; and Lannsus difperfes them into feveral 
of his genera. The genus is very numerous. 
The fecond genus is the cordiformes, or heart- 
cockles ; whofe beaks are very prominent, and 
revert confiderably towards the hinge, by which 
means they reprefent a heart. Gualtieri places 
them among his conchs cordiformes; and Lin- 
neeus ranks them in his cardium genus. This 
genub is pretty numerous. 
The third genus is compofed of the truncati, 
or flat-fided cockles, which is by no means nume- 
rous. 
The ninth family is the telling. Thefe Shells 
are confiderably broader than they are long; 
fomewhat deprefted; and the hinge has two teeth 
fet clofe together. The fpecies are but few. 
The placent£e compofe the tenth family. Thefe 
are Shells with equal valves, whofe hinge lies en- 
tirely within the Shell; and one valve confifts of 
two ftraight linear ridges, pretty prominent, and 
raifed obliquely to each other, fo as to meet at 
one end in a very acute angle; and the other 
valve has two correfpondent furrows. Da Cofta 
forms two fpecies of this family; the Chinefe 
glafs, or pellucid oyfter; and the Polifti faddle. 
The third fedlion includes the inarticulate bi- 
valves, or thofe which are deftitute of teeth on 
their hinge; of which there are two families. 
Tlie margaritiferjE, or pearl oyfters, compofe 
the eleventh family. Thefe are eared Shells with 
equal valves, whofe hinge is merely a gutter or 
flight furrov/, without a fingle tooth. The fpe- 
cies are few; but among them are the pearl oy- 
fter, or mother-of-pearl ; and the fwallow. Rum- 
phius, Davila, and fome other conchologifts, 
rank thefe as oyfters; Woodward forms them into 
a genus which he calls margariciferjE; and Gual- 
tieri places the pearl Shells in one genus, under 
the appellation of insequilaterse; and the fwallow 
in another, called conchas aliformes. 
The twelfth family is the mufcles ; which are 
generally very convex; of a long and narrow 
ftiapc; and the hinge is a mere flight furrow with- 
out any tooth ; and fituated, not at the top of the 
Shell, but a fhort way down one of the fides. 
The fpecies are not very numerous. 
The third order of bivalves comprehends the 
conchse hiantes; whofe Shells never fhut clofe, 
but are always open or gaping in fome part. 
This divifion conftitutes the thirteenth family, 
and confifts of four genera, as follow. 
The 
