SHE 
The bridans, or bafon conchs, which are 
Shells of equal valves and diffimilar fides, refemb- 
ling the heart cackles in hinge and appearance; 
but on the longeft fide, from the back to nearly 
the extreme margin, the two Shells do not clofe, 
but have a large heart-like opening, the lips 
whereof are broad, and turn up on the edges. 
The fpecies of this genus are but few; neverthe- 
lefs, they make up in weight what they want in 
number, being the largeft and hcavieft of all bi- 
valves, fome weighing from three hundred and a 
half to fix or leven hundred weight. 
The cham.fE, or gapers, which have a broad, 
thick, and large tooth for their hinge; and are, as 
it were, abruptly cut off on one fide; which fide 
is always open or gaping, as the valves cannot 
fhut clofe at that part. There are fev/ fpecies of 
this genus. 
The folenes, flieaths, or razor Sliells, which 
are very broad, but extremely fliort, open at both 
ends ; and the hinge is furniflied with teeth placed 
quite at one extremity. 
The pinnge, fea-wings, or hams; Shells of a 
fomewhat triangular fhape, widening from a 
pointed or narrow top to a very broad end, which 
is always open: the hinge is inarticulate, and 
placed on one fide. The fpecies are but few. 
The third general divifion, or clafs of Shells, 
comprehends the multiv'alves, or thofe compofed 
of more than two valves or pieces. 
In this divifion there are the three following 
families. 
The firfi: family of multivalves, and the four- 
teenth of Shells in general, is the pholas, or pid- 
docks; the Shells of which are trivalves, having 
two large valves, with a fmall valve placed between 
them near the hinge, which turns on the exterior 
part of the Shell; and under it, internally, there 
is a long curved tooth or fpur. The fpecies of 
this family are very few ; nor are they at all re- 
markable for beauty. 
The next, or fifteenth family, is the anatifers, 
or barnacles, which are quinquevalve Shells, and 
made up of two large valves, with two fmall ones 
beneath them; and a long narrov/ fpur-like valve, 
running longitudinally, which connects them. 
There are but few fpecies of this family. 
' The third, or fixteenth family of Shells, is the 
balani, or acorns, which are compofed of many 
valves lying parallel to each other, and in a per- 
pendicular pofition, contrary to that of all other 
valves, which lie horizontally. The top is open ; 
and the nPn performs it's neceffary funftions by 
that aperture; for the valves never open or fepa- 
rate, being deftitute of hinges. 
The balani are always found fixed by their un- 
der part to Shells, ftones, and other folid bodies. 
The fpecies of this genus are few ; nor are they 
beautiful. Indeed, if we except a few bivalves, 
we fliall in vain look for elegance beyond the firfi: 
clafs of Shells, the fplendid univalves, which are 
not more diftinguiflied by their fuperior beauty 
than for their numbers. 
For a defcription of the particular genera, and 
the moft curious fpecies, fee their refpedlive 
names. 
SHELL, APPLE. An Englifh appellation 
for the ioxia, or crofs-bill ; fo called from it's dex- 
terity in fplitting an apple, and feeding on the 
kernels, leaving the Shell of the pulp untouched. 
SHELL-FISH. Thefe Shells are of various 
kinds; but they generally agree in the quality of 
S H R 
being oviparous, very few inftances having oc-^ 
curred of fuch as are viviparous. Among the 
oviparous kinds, anatomifts have difcovered, that 
Ibme fpecies are of different fexes, in the different 
individuals of the fame fpecies; but others are 
hermaphrodites, each being in itfeif both m.ale 
and female: in both cafes, their increafe is nume- 
rous, and fcarcely inferior to that of plants, or of* 
the moft prolific of the infecl clafs. 
Their eggs are very fmall, and ftrung together 
in a fort of cluffers by means of a glutinous hu- 
mour which always furrounds them, of the nature 
of frog's fpawn jelly. This fluid not only ferves 
to confine them together, but alfo to unite them to 
the rocks, fhells, or other folid fubftances; by 
which means they are preferved from being driven 
on fhore by the waves, and left where they cannot 
arrive at perfection. 
SHELL-GALL-INSECT. An infefl of the 
gall-infe£l claf^,, fo called from the refemblance 
it bears to a mpufcle-fljeil. It is very fmall, and 
may eafily be miftaken for the minute cafe, which 
fome firiall infecl has deferted; or, in another 
fl:ate, for the neft in which fome fmall infec51: had 
depofited it's eggs: but, by the affiPcance of ami- 
crofcope, it's true nature will immediately be dif- 
covered. Without this help it is not eafily feen. 
even at it's full grovvth; k^ing very minute, and 
generally of the fame colour with the bark of the 
tree on v/hich it refines. Reaum.ur firft difco- 
vered and defcribed this minute infeft. 
SHIRLEY; the Tanagra Militaris of Lin- 
naeus. A bird firfi: figured and defcribed by Ed- 
wards. The bill is blackifn; the head, the upper 
fide of the neck, the back, the rum.p, the upper 
fide of the wings, and the tail, are of a dark or 
duflcy brown hue; and all the wing-feather?, ex- 
cept the greater quills, are tranfverfeiy marked 
with dufky lines. The tail is compofed of twelve 
feathers, barred acrofs with dufky; the under- 
fide of the tail, the lovv'er belly, the thighs, and 
the coverts, are dufi<y; and the throat and breafr^ 
to the middle of the belly, as well as the ridge 
round the upper part of tlie wing, are of a fine 
full red or fcarlet colour. The legs, feet, and 
claws, are dulky; and the outer and middle toes 
are connected by a mem.brane. Edwards has 
given this bird the appellation likev/ife of the 
greater bullfinch. 
SHOVELER; the Anas Clypeata of Lin- 
njEus. A fpecies of duck, fomev/hat refem.biing 
the common wild duck. See Duck, Broad- 
Beaked. 
Shoveler is alfo an appellation by v/hich fomie 
authors exprefs the fpoon-bill. See Spoon-Bill. 
SHREW, OR SHREW-MOUSE; the Sorex 
Araneus of Linnsus, and the Mus Araneus of 
other naturalifrs. An animal of a mixed brown 
and reddifii tawny colour, v/ith a white belly, and 
a fhort tail. The body is about two inches and 
a half long; the eyes are very fmall and black j 
the nofe is long and flender; the ears are fhort 
and rounded ; and the teeth, which are very fmail, 
and differ in their fliape and fituation from thofe- 
of every other creature in the world, appear as if 
nature had intended that in this refped; the crea- 
ture fhould partake both of the m.oufe and fnaire 
kind. 
This animal is very commo*^ in many parts of 
the world; and particularly in this country, where 
it frequents dry grounds, old walls, and holes m 
the earth. It fubfiils on corn, infects, and any fort 
. of 
