sou 
powdered vAth a few fanguine or pale fpcts. In 
Europe, it builds in high trees, in company with 
the heron, and in a nefl: formed of the fame mate- 
rials. 
Sonnerar, in his Voyage to Ne'vV Guinea, men- 
tions a beautiful variety of the Spoon-Bill. A 
flock of thefe birds migrated into the marfhes, 
near Yarmouth, in Norfolk, in April 1774. 
SPOT. An appellation by which fome au- 
thors exprefs a particular fpeciesof pigeon, called 
by Moore Columha Maculata. It is a native of 
Holland ; and receives it's name from a fpot on 
it's head, juft above it's beak. The tail-feathers 
are always of the fame colour with this ipot ; but 
the reft of the body is entirely white. The fpot 
and tail are black in fome, red in others, and not 
unfrequently yellow. 
SPOTTED FISH. This fiO), which ich- 
thyologifts have very imperfeftly defcribed, is a 
native of the Oriental feas. It is of a light co- 
lour, fpotted with brown : the head is {Lort and 
conical ; and on it's top there is a Paarp fin which 
bends backwards. The tail is broad; on the 
back, near the tail, there is a very broad fin ; and 
under the belly there is a fmall one, which cor- 
refponds with it. 
SPRAT ; the Clupea Sprattus of Linnaeus. 
This is a fpecies of the clupea, with the lower jaw 
longer than the upper, the belly very acute, and 
the dorfal fin confifting of thirteen rays. It has 
generally, though erroneoufly, been iiippofcd a 
herring not arrived at full growth, it's ufual length 
being only four or five inches. It's body, how- 
ever, is much deeper than that of a young herring 
of equal magnitude ; and it's back fin is placed 
more remote from it's nofe. But a ftill more re- 
markable difbinilion between this fifh, the herring, 
and the pilchard, appears in the belly ; that of the 
two firft being quite fmooth, while that of the laft 
is very ftrongly feirated. There is alfo another 
diftindlive charafter : the herring has fifty-fix 
vertebrae ; but this only forty-eight. 
Independent of thefe difcriminations, Sprats vi~ 
fit our coafts, and continue with us in large 
Ihoals ; when the others, in general, have returned 
to the hyperborean deeps. They generally ar- 
rive in the river Thames about the beginning of 
November, and quit it in the month of March. 
At Gravefend and Yarmouth they are cured after 
the manner of red herrings. They are fometimes 
pickled, and in flavour little inferior to ancho- 
vies ; but their bones will not difibive fo readily 
as thofe of anchovies. 
SPRINGER. An appellation fometimes ufed 
for the grampus. 
SPURRE. A name by which fome ornitho- 
logifts exprefs the fea-fwallow. 
SQUACCO. A large, bold, and fierce bird, 
of the ardea kind. The head and neck are va- 
riegated with black, Vv'hite, and yellow; and on 
the back part of the head there is a creft of the 
fame hue. The back is of a fi^rruginous yellow 
colour ; the breaft and belly are white ; as are alfo 
the wings and tail ; and the legs and feet are 
green. 
SQUAIOTTA. A bird of the ardea kind, 
with a yellow beak and green legs. The head is 
variegated with grey and black ; and the back is 
very elegantly marked with white and red. It 
feems to have received it's name from it's note, 
which it repeats very often when flying. 
SQUALUS. A diftindl genus of filh of the 
Vol. II. 
order of nantes, and clafs of amphibia. The cha- 
rafters of this genus are; that it has five bron- 
cliial apertures on the fides of the neck, an ob- 
long roundifh body, and the mouth in the ante- 
rior part of the head. 
Linnsus enumerates fifteen fpecies: four of 
which have a prickly back, and no pinna anij 
the fqualus acanthias, or galeus acanthias; the 
fqualus centrina, or centrine; the fqualus fpinax. 
With the nofcrils at the extremity of the fnout; 
and the fqualus fquatina, or monk fifli. Eight 
fpecies have no prickles on their backs, with fharp 
teeth, and a pinna ani; namely, the fqualus zy- 
g£Ena, or hammer-headed {hark; the fqualus ti- 
buro; the fqualus galeus ; the canis galeus, or 
tope; the fqualus canicula, or catulus major; the 
fqualus fl:ellaris, with the ventral fins fcparate, and 
the dorfal fins near the tail; the fqualus catulus, 
Vv'ith a variegated back, and the ventral fins grov/- 
ing together, fomxCtimes called the morgray; the 
fqualus maximus, or baflving-fhark ; and the fqua- 
lus carcharias, or white fhark. And three with 
granulated teeth, viz. the fqualus muftellus, or 
galeus lasvis, the fqualus glaucus, or blue lhark ; 
and the fqualus prillis, or faw-fifli. 
Squalus is alfo a name by which fome of the 
ancient ichthyologiils have exprefifed that fpecies 
of the cyprinus diftinguifhed by Artedi under 
the appellation of the oblong cyprinus with long 
fcales, and the pinna ani containing eleven rays. 
Th.is fifh is commonly knov/n in England by the 
appellation of the chub, or chevin. 
SQUAMIS. A name ufed by fome natura- 
lifts for the monk, or angel-fifh; more commonly 
called fquatina; and by the -ancient Greek writ- 
ers, rhine. 
SQU AR.TIA. A fpecies of fifli caught in the 
Oriental feas, the fkin of which is manufaftured 
into fii agree n. 
SQIJ ATAROLA. An appellation by which 
the Venetians exprefs the grey plover, or pluvi- 
alis cinerea. 
SQUATINATOPvIA. A name given by 
fome ichthyologiflis to the rhinobatos; a fea-fifii 
of a middle nature between the monk-filh, the 
angel-fifh, and the ray. 
SQUATINA. An appellation fometimes 
given to a fpecies of the fqualus, the angel, or 
monk-fifn. 
SQUATUS. An ancient Roman name for 
the rhine of the Greeks. 
SQUILACHI. An appellation given by the 
modern Greeks to the jackall, or canis aureus. 
SQUILLA, OR SQUILL. A large genus 
of animals comprehending the fhrimp, or Squilla, 
properly fo called, the cray-fifli, the crab, and the 
lobfter; all which, according to Hill, conftitute 
only one genus of infe6ls, of the podaria kind. 
The charafteriftics of this genus are; that they 
have ten legs, the foremoft pair cheliform, and 
made for pinching; that they have only two eyes^ 
and that the tail is foliated. 
The Squills, agreeable to the foregoing au- 
thority, may be conveniently arranged under three 
fiibdivifions; namely, the fmaller long-tailed 
Squilte, commonly called flirimps; the larger 
long-tailed Squillje, or the lobRer and cray-fifh 
kind; and the fiiort-tailed kind, called alfo can- 
ceres, or crabs. See Shrimp, Lobster, and 
Crab. 
The following fpecies belong to thofe properly 
denominated fhrimps: the long-tailed Squilla, 
4 H with 
