T I J TIP 
•young, Ihe enragedly purfues the fpo'iler, who. In 
order to fave a part, ufually drops one of her cubs. 
This fhe carries back to her den, and again pur- 
fues him: he then drops another, with which fhe 
runs to her den, as with the former; and the plun- 
derer generally efcapes with the remainder before 
Ihe returns. But, if robbed of all her young, fhe 
then becomes defperate; and boldly entering the 
adjacent tov/ns, commits the moft dreadful flaugh- 
ter. 
The fkin of the Tiger is much efteemed all 
over the Eaft, efpecially in China, where the man- 
darins cover their feats ofjuftice with it; but in 
Europe thofe of the panther and leopard are held 
in much greater eftimation. The Indians fome- 
times eat the flefli of this animal, but do notfeem 
to regard it as a delicacy. 
The Tiger often accompanies the monuments 
of Bacchus; and the chair of that god is ufually 
drawn by thofe animals. Tigers are alfo fome- 
times placed at the feet of the Bacchanals : a pro- 
per emblem of the fury with which they are agi- 
tated. 
Tiger, Red. See Cougar. 
Tiger, Hunting, or Leopard. See Leo- 
pard. 
TIGER CAT. A fpecies of tlie feline genus, 
about the fize of the wild cat, with a coat beauti- 
fully (triped and varied like that of the common 
tiger. The tail is long, and ftreaked with black ; 
the body i;; yellow, with black Itripes above, and 
round black fpots below ; the ears are black, and 
each is marked with a white lunated fpot. 
This animal, which was firft briefly defcribed 
from a flcin by Pennant, has been lately accurately 
and fcientifically defcribed by Dr. Forller. It in- 
habits all parts of Africa, from Congo to the 
Cape of Good Hope ; lives in mountainous and 
woody trafts ; and in it's wild ftate is a great de- 
ftroyer of hares, rabbits, lambs, young antelopes, 
and all kinds of birds. It's manners and oeco- 
nomy are perfcdlly anomalous to thofe ©f our do- 
meftic cat. 
• TIGER, MAN. See Mantegar. 
TIGER SHELL. An appellation by which 
conchologifts fometimes exprefs the red voluta, 
with large white fpots. In the Linnsean arrange- 
ment, it is a fpecies of the cypr£E3. 
TIHOLj. a name by which the natives of 
the Philippine Ifiands exprefs a fpecies of crane, 
remarkable for it's fize ; being reprefented as 
taller than a man when fcanding ered and hold- 
ing up it's head. 
TIJEGUACU-PAROARA. A Brazilian 
bird, of the fize of a lark. The beak is fliort 
and thick, brown above, and white below ; the 
head, throat, fides, and lower part of the neck, are 
of a fine yellow colour, variegated with red in the 
female, and entirely of a deep fanguine colour in 
the male; the upper part of the neck and the 
whole back are grey, with an admixture of 
brown ; the wings are brown, tipt v/ith white ; 
the tail is of the fame colour ; and the fides of 
the neck, the breaft, belly, and thighs, are white. 
This bird was firft defcribed by Marcgrave. 
TIJEPIRANGA. A Brazilian bTrd of the 
fparrow kind, defcribed by Marcgrave. It is 
fomewhat larger than the lark. The whole body, 
neck, and head, are of a very fine red colour ; and 
the wings and tail are black. 
There is another variety, about the fize of the 
fparrow ; of a blueifh grey colour on the back ; 
white on the belly ; of a fea-green on the wings j 
and pale grey on the feet. 
TIKE. An appellation by which the natives 
of Zetland exprefs the otter, an animal very com* 
mon in that ifiand. 
TINCA. A name by which fome ichthyolo- 
gifts exprefs the tench. 
TINCA MARINA. An appellation fome- 
times given to the common turcius ; known iri 
Englifh by that of the wrafle. 
TINEA. The claffical name for the moth. 
See Moth. 
TINNUNCULUS. A name by which many 
ornithologiils exprefs a hawk of the long-winged 
kind; the Falco Tinnunculus of Linnaeus : in 
Englifh, known by the appellation of the kefte- 
rel, flannel, and windhover. 
This is the hawk fo frequently obferved in the 
air, fixed in one place, and as it were fanning 
with it's wings ; at which time it is watching for 
it's prey. 
When falconry was a fafhionable amufement 
in this country, this fpecies was trained for catch- 
ing young partridges and fmall birds. See Fal- 
con. 
TiPEILE. An appellation by v,'hich fome 
authors exprefs the acus, or tobacco-pine filh. 
TIPUL. See Tihoi,. 
TIPULA. In the Linnfean fyftem, a p;enus 
of the diptera order of infecls. 1 he charafters 
are thefe : the head is long; the upper jaw is 
arched ; it has two bending feelers, longer than 
the head ; and a very Ihort recurved probofcis. 
LinnjEus enumerates fifty-eight fpecies. 
The fmaller fpecies of this genus bear fuch a 
ftronp- refemblance to the p-nat, that the genera- 
lity of naturalifts, not excepting the penetrating 
Swammerdam, have confounded the two genera, 
and defcribed the.fe among gnats. The long 
form of the body, the pofition of the wings, and 
the length and ftru£i:ure of the legs, are the cir- 
cumftances v/hich confiritute a refemblance be- 
tween the gnats and the Tipulas; but the ftrufture 
and organs of the head are alone a very fufficienc 
diftinftion. 
As the Tipul^E differ from gnats in the fi"ru6lure 
of their mouths, and in being defticute of trunks j 
fo they difi^er equally from other fiies of thatcha- 
rafter by their refemblance to gnats in the figure 
of their bodies, in the conformation of their 
miouths, and in feveral parts and organs. The 
aperture of the mjouth confifi:s of a flit, extending 
from the fore part of the head toward the hinder 
part; and the lips cannot be laid to be upper and 
lower, but lateral. When the body of the crea- 
ture is prefTed, this mouth opens, and difcovers 
what may be denominated a fecond pair within: 
thefe are not more firmly clofed than the others, 
and therefore only refemble certain duplications 
of fhe fielh. The exterior lips are cartilaginous, 
and furnifhed with fliort hairs; the interior are 
perfeftly fmooth, and of a flefhy texture. The 
head is of a long and flender figure: the lips are 
articulated at the extremity of this head; and on 
each fide fi:ands, on the upper part, a fort of beard, 
v;hich, when clofely examined, appears to be ar- 
ticulated in the fame manner as the antenna of 
other infefts : the office of thefe beards feems to be 
that of a covering to the mouth ; they arc con- 
ftantly found in every fpecies of Tipula, and are 
uniform in their pofition. 
The larger fpecies of Tipuls frequent mea- 
dows j 
