T U R 
able fize. It has a red flefhy appendix, or car- 
buncle, refembling a worm, on the upper chap 
of the bill, which it can raife or contrail at plea- 
fure. The tail confifts of eighteen feathers ^ and 
each wing contains twenty -eight primaries. The 
legs have a kind of rudiment of fpurs, which are 
very confpicuous. 
The flefh of a Hen-Turkey is fweet and deli- 
cate, and not inferior to a pullet's; but that of a 
Turkey-Cock is inferior both in flavour and 
delicacy. 
* Moft of our houfewives,* fays a Swedifn 
tvriter on agriculture, ' have long defpaired of 
fuccefs in rearing Turkies; and complained that 
the profit rarely indemnifies them for their trouble 
and lofs of time: whereas,' continues he, * little 
more is to be done than to plunge the chick into 
a vefTel of cold water the very hour, orj if thut 
cannot be done, the day it is hatched ; forcing it 
to fwallow one whole pepper-corn, and then re- 
ftoring it to it's mother. From that time it will 
become hardy, and fear the cold no more than a 
hen's chick. After which, it muft be remem- 
bered, . that thefe ufeful creatures are fubje<ft to 
one particular malady, whilfl they are young, 
which carries them off in a few days, without 
timelv precaution. When they begin to droop, 
carefully examine the feathers on their rumps, and 
you will find two or three whole quill-part is filled 
with blood: on drawing thefe, the chick recovers ; 
and after that requires no other care than what is 
commonly bellowed on poultry that range the 
court-yard.' 
Such are the Swedifh agricultiirifl's remarks; 
arfd fome tell us that they are founded in truth 
and reafon. The experiment is eafily made ; 
and, if fuccefsful, would be attended with con- 
fiderable advantages in rural oeconomy. 
TURNSTONE; the Tringa Mori nellus of 
Linnasus. This bird, called alfo the Morinellus 
Marinus, or the fea-dottrel, is fomewhat larger 
than the black-bird. The head is moderately 
thick, and the body of a longifh fliape ; the beak 
is thick, whitiHi at the bafe, and fharp and black 
at the point ; the head, neck, fhoulders, wings, 
and upper part of the breafl, are of a brownifh 
colour; the throat and forehead are afh-coloured ; 
the back and rump are white; the middle of the 
back is marked with a very large triangular black 
fpot; and the tail confifts of twelve feathers, the 
lower half being white, the upper black, and the 
tips v/hite. The quill-feathers are dufl<y; bur from 
the third or fourth the bottoms are white, increaf- 
ing to about the nineteenth, when the feathers are 
entirely of that colour. The legs are fhort, and 
of a reddifli yellow or orange colour. 
Thefe birds receive their Englifh name from 
their method of fearching for food, by turning up 
fmall ftones with their ftrong bills, in order to 
come at fuch infcfts as lurk under them. 
Turnstone, Hudson's Bay ; the Tringa In- 
terpres of LinnjEUS. This fpecies, which is about 
the fize of a thrufh, is often fliot on the iflands in 
the north of Scotland, but is properly a native of 
North America. The forehead, throat, and 
belly, are white ; the breaft is black ; and the 
neck is furrounded with a black collar, whence 
another bounds the fides of the neck, and pafies 
over the forehead. The head and lower part of 
the neck behind are white, the former ftreaked 
with duflcy lines ; the back is ferruginous, mixed 
widi black i the coverts of the tail are white. 
crofTed with a black bar ; the tall is black, hpt 
with white ; and the legs are of a full orange coj 
lour. 
TURONILLA. An appellation by which 
fome ichthyologifts exprefs the fmall fifli more 
uluallv denominated the ftickleback or ban- 
ft-ickle. 
TURSIO. A name given by fome authors to 
the phocjena or porpefTe. 
TURTLE. See Dove. 
TURTLE. An appellation by which the 
moderns exprefs that kind of tortoife which is 
found only in the fea, or on it's fhores. There 
are a great variety of fpecies. 
Turtle, Edible. Mariners generally dif- 
tingxiifh fuch Turtles as are proper for food into 
four kinds : the trunk Turtle, the logger-head, 
the hawkfbill, and the green Turtle. 
The trunk Turde is generally larger thai} any 
of the reft; and it's back is higher and rounder. 
The flefli of this variety is rank, and reputed un- 
wholefome. 
The logger-head has obtained it's title from 
the fize of it's head, which is much larger in pro- 
portion than that of the other kinds. The flcHi 
of this kind is alfo rank, and feldom eaten. 
, The hawkfbill Turtle has a long and fmall 
mouth, Ibmewhat refembling the bill of a hawk. 
Though the flefh of tliis Turtle is not much 
efteemed, the fhell anfwers fome valuable pur- 
pofes. This is the animal which fupplies the tor- 
toife-fliell of which fnufT-boxes and a variety of 
beautiful trinkets are made. 
The green Turtle is the moft celebrated, as 
well as the moft valuable, of all the animals of 
the tortoife kind. I'he delicacy of it's fltfh, it's 
nutritive qualities, together with the property 
of being eafily digefted, are now well known 
in this kingdom. 
Dampier appears to have been the firft who ob- 
ferved the above diftinflions among thefe animals; 
and that, while the reft might be valuable for 
other purpofes, the green Turtle alone was prized 
for the delicacy of it's flefh. 
The green Turtle is indeed become a branch 
of commerce; and fhips are provided with con- 
veniencies for fupplying them with water and 
provifions, in order to bring them hither in a 
healthy ftate from Jamaica and other V/eft India, 
iflands. This, however, cannot always be effeft- 
ed; for though they fcarceJy require any provi- 
fions on the voyage, yet the working of the fnip 
occafions their beating againft the fides of their 
receptacles, whereby they become lean and bat- 
tered : fo that, in order to enjoy this luxury in 
the higheft perfection, inftead of bringing the 
Turtle to the epicure, the epicure fliould be tranf- 
ported to the Turtle, 
The colour of the fhell of th.is creature is fome- 
wliat greener than that of others of the kindj 
whence it receives the appellation of the Green 
Turtle. Such as weigh about two hundred 
pounds are of the moft comPAon fize; though- 
they are iometimes known to exceed five hun- 
dred, and even to reach nine hundred. 
The ancients, however, fpeak of much larger 
Turtles : JElhn aflTures us, that the houfes in the 
ifland of Taprobane are ufually cov^cred with . a 
Angle fliell; and Diodorus Sicuhis, informs us, 
that a people bordering on A'lthiopia, called 
the Turtle-eaters, coaft along the fnore in boats 
made of the upper fliell of this animal. 
