YEL 
Y S A 
XANTHURUS INDICUS. An appella- 
tion by which fome ichthyologifts exprefs 
the Gecl-ftardtof the Dutch; a fifh about the fize 
andfhape of the bream, having it's jaws armed 
with ftraight and very fharp teeth, which projeft 
almoft diredly forward. The back is yellow ; 
the tail is very ftrongly tinged with the fame co- 
lour; the belly is of a blueifh white; the head is 
brown ; and the fins are of a vivid red hue. 
This fifh is frequently caught among the rocks 
on the fliores of the Eaft Indies. It's flefh is de- 
licate, and efteemed falubrious. 
XANXUS. A name given by fome concho- 
logifts to a large fpecies of fhell found in great 
abundance near the Ifle of Ceylon. It is ufed in 
medicine as an alkali and abforbcnt, much in the 
fame manner as the European teftaceous powders. 
XATHOS. An appellation given by Appian, 
and other ichthyologifts, to the erythrinus, or ru- 
bellio. 
XIPHI AS. The claffical name for the fword- 
filh. See Sword-Fish. 
XOCHITENACATL. An American name 
for the toucan, or great-beaked magpie. 
XOCHITENACATL ALIA. An appella- 
tion given by Nieremberg to a bird rcfembling 
the toucan, or Brazilian magpie. It is about the 
fize of a pigeon. The beak is large, thick, black, 
and fharp-pointed; the wings and tail are varie- 
gated with black and white; a large black ftroke 
reaches from the back to the breaft; the anterior 
part of the wings is yellow; the reft of the body 
is of a pale colour; and the legs and feet are 
brown. 
This bird is pretty common, among the fweet- 
fiowering trees, in many parts of South Ame- 
rica. 
XOMOTL. An American bird, of which 
Nieremberg gives a fiiort and very imperfedl de- 
fcription. He fays it is a web-footed fowl; that 
the back and upper part of the wings are black; 
that the breaft is brown; and that, when enraged, 
it erefts the feathers of it's head in form of a 
creft. 
YARWHELP. A provincial appellation for 
the cegocephalus of ornithologifts. See 
GODWIT. 
YAYAUHQUITOTOTL. An American 
bird defcribed by Nieremberg, remarkable for 
having two feathers in it's tail much longer than 
the reft, and naked for a great way from their bafe, 
but terminating in a tuft of black and blue fili- 
form feathers. 
This bird is about the fize of a ftarling; and 
beautifully variegated with green, blue, yellow, 
and grey. 
Ray fcems to be of opinion, that this corre- 
fponds with theGuaira-Guainumbi of Marcgrave. 
YELLOW-HAMMER •, the Emberiza Citri- 
nella of Linnaeus. A comm.on Englifh bird ; 
called alfo emberiza lutea, hortulanus, luteus, or 
chloreus. 
The bill is duflcy. The crown of the head is 
of a pleafant pale yellow colour; in fome, almoft 
"plain; in others, fpotted with brown. I'he hind 
part of the neck is tinged with green ; the chin 
and throat are yellow ; the breaft is marked with 
an orange red ; the belly is yellow ; the lefier co- 
verts of the wings are green, the others dufky 
edged with ruft-colour; the back is of the fame 
colours ; the rump is of a dull red hue; and the 
quill-feathers are dufky, edged on their exterior 
webs with yellowifh green. The tail is flightly 
forked: the middle leathers are brown; the two 
central ones are edged on both fides with green ; 
the others on their exterior fides only; and the 
interior fides of the two extreme feathers are ob- 
liquely marlced with white near their extremi- 
ties. 
This bird forms a large flat neft on the ground, 
near fome bufh or hedge; lining it with mofs, 
dried roots, and horfe-hair. It lays fix white eggs, 
veined v/ith dark purple; and in winter frequents 
our farm-yards together with other fmall birds. 
Pennant gives this fpecies the appellation of the 
yellow bunting. See Bunting. 
There is anoth-^r variety much fmaller, and 
of a browner colour on the back, which ornitho- 
logifts have diftinguiftisd by the name of Zi- 
volo, 
YS. An appellation given by AthenEEus, and 
other Greek ichthyologifts, to the fifli called alfo 
mus and fus. It is the caprifcus of the later na- 
turalifts. See Goat-Fish, 
YSARD. 
