BBS 
FOREST AND STREAM 
[May 4, 1901. 
10. Westhampton C. C, association regatta. 
10. Brooklyn, Gravesend Bay. 
10. Horsehoe Harbor, annual, Larchmont, Long Island Sound. 
10. Bridgeport, special, Bridgeport, Long Island Sound. 
10. Seawanhaka Corinthian, sixth race for Center Island cup, 
Oyster Bay, Long Island Sound. 
10-15. Chicago, races for the Canada cup, Chicago, Lake Michigan.- 
12, 13. American, Newburyport, Massachusetts Bay. 
17. Moriches, open. 
17. Wollaston, Quincy Bay, Boston Harbor. 
17. Corinthian, tifth club championship, Marblehead, Mass. Bay. 
17. South Boston, club handicap, City Point, Boston Harbor. 
17. New York, New York Bay. 
17. Indian Harbor, annual. Greenwich; Long Island Sound. 
17. Seawanhaka Corinthian, seventh race {or Center Island cup, 
Oyster Bay, Long Island Sound. 
17. Canarsie, Corinthian regatta, Jamaica Bay.. 
17. Columbia, Chicago, Lake Michigan. 
20, 22, 24, 27, 29. American cup races, Sandy Hook. 
24. Shinnecock Bay, association regatta, Shinnecock Bay. 
, 24. Corinthian, sixth club championship, Marblehead, Mass. Bay. 
24. South Boston, ladies' day. City Point, Boston Harbor. 
26. Cape Cod, Provincetown, Mass. 
'27. Wellfleet, Wellfleet, Mass. 
29. Plymouth, Plj-mouth, Mass. 
30. Kingstown, Ivingstown, Mass. 
31. Duxliury, Duxbury, Mass. 
31 Westhampton C. C.. open. 
31. East Gloucester, club, Gloucester, Mass. 
31 Marine and Field. Gravesend Bay. 
31. Hartford, annual, Saybrook, Long Island Sound.- 
31. Huntington, special, Huntington, Long Island Sound. 
31. Larchmont, special, Larchmont, Long Island Sound. 
SEPTEMBER. 
2. Duxbury, ladies' day, Duxbury, Mass. 
2, 3. Corinthian, cruise, Marblehead, Massachusetts Bay. 
3. Lynn, Nahant, Massachusetts Bay. 
2. Gravesend Y. R. A., all classes, Gravesend Bay. 
2. Norwalk, special. South Norwalk, Long Island Sound. 
2. Sachem's Head, annual, Saybrook, Long Island Sound. 
2. Larchmont, fall regatta, Larchmont, Long Island Sound. 
2. Atlantic, special. Sea Gate, New York Bay. 
2. Pavonia, special, Bayonne, Newark Bay. 
2, Canarsie, ladies' day, Canarsie, Jamaica Bay. 
2. Seawanhaka Corinthian, Oyster Bay, Long Island Sound. 
2. Burgess, Marblehead, Massachusetts Baj'. 
2 Chicago, Chicago, Lake Michigan. 
3 Shinnecock Bay, open, Shinnecock Bay. ^ ^ ^ 
5, 6. Seawanhaka Corinthian, open special. Oyster Bay, L. I. 
Sound. _ _ _ , 
7. Seawanhaka Corinthian, fall regatta, Oyster Bay, L. I. Sound, 
7. Atlantic, Sea Gate, New York Bay. 
7. Lvnn, Y. R. A., rendezvous. 
14. Brooklyn, fall regatta, Gravesend Bay, New York Bay. 
14. Larchmont, Larchmont, Long Island Sound. 
14. Indian Harbor, fall regatta, Greenwich, Conn. 
14. Atlantic, fall regatta. Sea Gate, New York Bay. 
21 New York C. C, fall regatta, Gravesend Bay. , 
21. Manhasset Bay, fall regatta. Port Washington, L. I. Sound. 
21. Canarsie, commodore's cup races, Canarsie,. Jamaica Bay. 
The list of iixtltres which appear in this week's issue is 
still far from complete. This is easily accounted for. as 
some of the clubs have not decided on their racing dates, 
and from a lutmber of others we have not heard. The 
publishers of Forest and Stream are anxious to have the 
list of racing dates as complete as possible, and kindly 
reqtiest those secretaries and chairmen of regatta com- 
mittees of the clubs whose fixtures are not given, to send 
them in at their early convenience. 
Incomplete as the list of racing fixtures is, still there are 
far more dates given than ever before at the opening of a 
season, and this indicates that a large amount of racing 
mav be looked forward to all over the cotmtry. The 
inland and Canadian dates are not included in the hst 
except in one or two instances, and there is a great deal 
of keen racing to be done by these fresh-water yachts- 
men. The yacht clubs, both large and small, all along the 
coast have showm greater interest than ever before, offer- 
ing handsomer and more costly prizes in all the classes. 
Aside from the great interest that is centered in the three 
international races, there has always been a feeling among 
many yachtsmen that an international race between the 
go-footers tended to divert interest from the smaller 
classes, and in that way was not a benefit to yachting in 
general, but there is no indication that this is to be the 
case this vear. The tmprecedented interest in yachting 
this year is accounted for by the natural growth of the 
.sport, and partially by the prosperous condition of the 
country at large. 
English yachting is in rather a stagnant condition, due 
'to various causes, and in consequence.^ many desirable 
yachts, both steam and sail, are on the sale list. Amer- 
ican buyers have taken advantage of this situation, and 
both the sail and steam fleet of English yachts in Amer- 
ican waters will be greatly increased this year. The im- 
portation of the big yawl Ailsa ought to make some fine 
racing in the large class, now that Vigilant and Navahoe 
will both appear in vawl rigs. Virginia, Yankee and Rain^ 
bow will be raced in the 70ft. class. The 65ft. linear rac.na? 
class will have at least two additions. One is Senta, which 
has already arrived from England, and the other is Eelin, 
which is on her way over. These two boats, with Queen 
Mab, Isolde, Astrild and Hester, will make a total of 
six boats in this class, and there should be some splendid 
racing among them. The schooners Amorita and Quisetta 
will have two new rivals, both of which boats were de- 
signed by Messrs. A. Gary Smith & Barbey. Amorita 
has been altered and will be in better shape than ever 
before. In the 51ft. class there will also be two new 
boats, one designed by Herreshoff and the other by Hunt- 
ington. Hussar II. will probably be out of the racing this 
year, as she has been sold, and her new owner will change 
her rig to that of a yawl. The 43, 36, 30 and 25ft. classes 
will all be strengthened by the addition of new boats, and 
the raceabout class will have at least ten boats, both new 
and old. so, there will be as great interest and as much 
sporty racing in this as well as in the larger classes. 
The Boston Herald's foreign correspondent in speak- 
ing of Mr. Clark's new cutter, Kariad. says: On Satur- 
day there was launched at Meadowside the first-class rac- 
ing cutter Kariad, now owned by Kenneth M. Clark, of 
Paisley. She was designed by G. L. Watson and built 
last year for G. Day Rose, under the name of Distant 
Shore. Owing to family bereavements, Mr. Rose with- 
drew from the sport and she was never launched. A 
few months ago she was purchased by Mr. Clark, who has 
renamed her Kariad, and placed Capt. Archie Hogarth in 
charge. She has now been fitted out for first-class racing. 
In size she is practically the same as Britannia. She is 
85ft. on the waterline, by about 20ft. beam, and floats to 
about 17ft. draft. The hull is fuller than we have been 
accustomed to see in racing boats in recent years, but it is 
beautifully modeled, and she gives every promise of being 
fast. Her R, A, ratmg will work to about 97 or 
98ft. 
History of the Development of the 
Racing Yacht. 
{Concluded from j>age 883.) 
The first race for the Gup was set for Sept. 27. The 
fleet of excursion boats that gathered about the line at 
the start wks so large as to call out expressions of aston- 
ishment from all who saw it. The conditions of the 
match agreed upon with Lord Dunraven were three races 
in five, all to be sailed outside of headlands, and time 
allowance according to the rules of the New York Y. C. 
to be given. Vigilant allowed Valkyrie one minute and 
thirty-three seconds. 
■ The first race was a failure on account of a lack of 
wind. Vigilant at one time being entirely becalmed— so 
much so, in fact, that she lost steerage way and turned 
entirely round. 
The boats met again 011 Sept. 29 in an effort to sail the 
first race of fifteen miles to windward and return. This 
time they were more fortunate. Vigilant obtained a lead 
in the first leg of the course, and turned the outer mark 
eight minutes and si.x; seconds ahead. In the run home 
Valkyrie gained thirty second', and so Vigilant was an 
easy winner by five minutes and forty-eight seconds, cor- 
rected time. 
The second attempt at a race was also a failure on 
account of lack of wind. 
The third race was to be over a triangle of thirty miles, 
ten miles to a leg. 
A good whole-sail breeze was blowing that gave the 
yachts a splendid test on this point of .sailing. Vigilant 
again demonstrated that she vi^as the master, as she won 
the race in a clean cut way by ten minutes and thirty-five 
seconds, corrected time. This race was one of the most 
exciting ever sailed. The din that greeted the great white 
sloop as she swept past the red lightship and the black 
flagship was something marvelous. The race was won 
on its merits and without flukes or flaws. 
The fourth race was sailed on Oct. 13. It was similar 
to the first — that is, fifteen miles to windward and return. 
The wind blew great guns, and both contestants were 
reefed. The patriots were given a painful surprise in this 
race. Valkyrie obtained a weather position on Vigilant 
at the start, and to the amazement of every one held it. 
The wind kept increasing in strength, and it gave the 
partisans of the American boat great chunks of pain to 
sec the cutter gradually forging to the front. Valkyrie 
turned the outer mark one minute and fifty-five seconds 
ahead of the sloop. 
But the day was Friday, and it was the 13th of the 
month, and so all hope was not lost. As soon as Vigilant 
had turned she shook out her reef and sent up her largest 
c'ub topsail. Under this tremendous spread of sail the 
great white sloop fairly seemed to fly. The spume flew 
from under her forefeet, and her tremendous speed majr be 
known when it is said she ran the fifteen nautical miles 
(about seventeen and one-quarter land miles) in one 
hour and sitxeen minutes, or about fourteen land miles 
per hour. 
Even at this tiiire it was almost certain that she would 
have lost the race had not Valkyrie carried away two 
spinakers, and finally finished the race under a balloon 
jib used as a spinaker. As it was. Vigilant crossed the 
finish line two minutes and thirteen seconds ahead of 
Valkyrie, w^hich gave her the race by forty seconds, cor- 
rected time. Vigilant gained four minutes and eight sec- 
onds in the run home. 
The year 1894 is interesting in the small boat sense, as 
that year saw the birth of what is to-day one of the most 
popular of the small classes — namely, the knockabout. 
This little ves.sel was 21ft. on the waterline and carried 
500ft. of sail. They were intended for a handy, safe 
iacat for two persons, and in their original form they 
fulfilled that position admirably. They have somewhat 
deteriorated, however, at the present time, and have im- 
bibed more of the racing machine than is well for com- 
fort sometimes. 
The year 1894 Avas also memorable from the visit of 
Vigilant to England under her new owner, Mr. George 
Gould. Her success in EngHsh waters was not as pro- 
nounced as most patriots would have liked to see it. Out 
of seventeen races which she sailed with Britannia she 
lost eleven and won five. Some comfort was taken though 
from the fact that whenever the wind blew fresh Vigilant 
was a winner. All the races she lost were in light weather. 
Much disappointment was felt that Valkyrie II. could not 
meet her. She was unfortunately sunk by Satanita in a 
cc-Uision during the first race of the season, and was not 
raised. 
Lord Donfaven's Second Challenge. 
A second challenge was received from Lord Dunraven 
late in the fall of 1894 for the ninth contest for the Cup. 
The conditions caused some parleying, but were finally ar- 
ranged satisfactorily. Lord Dunraven named Valkyrie 
in. as the challenger. She was thoroughly tried out W'ith 
Bruannia, and after some alterations had been made was 
sent across under jury rig, as her predecessors had been. 
She was a much more pronounced type than the pre- 
vious challenger, her keel being much deeper, her lead in- 
creased and her beam for the first time greater than that 
of the American boat. She was 27ft. wide, and her body 
was very shallow. Her overhangs were long and graceful. 
Taken altogether, she was a very promising vessel, and 
the hopes of her designer and owner were very high, and 
there was a general feeling of expectation of great re- 
sults from her. 
Nor was the New York Y. C, idle. The syndicate was 
formed and Herreshoff was comm'ssioned to build De- 
fender. Defender was a keel beat and was a great ad- 
vance on Vigilant. She was also deeper, carried more 
lead and was of a more powerful body than her 
predecessor. 
Her overhangs were the best that had yet been put on a 
Herreshoff craft, and her profile showed unmistakably 
the hand of a master of his craft. 
The excitement over the racing for the Cup had gradu- 
ally grown with each succeeding year, and this year saw 
a still greater fl:eet around the starting line than ever 
before. 
The American craft had been carefully tuned up in a 
number of races with Vigilant, and she had beaten the old 
craft with great ease, although the old champiopi, as well 
as Jubilee, which had also been fitted up, showed remark- 
able speed in many of their encounters. 
Valkyrie had also been given a thorough tuning up, and 
\vas in good shape when the day for the first race ar- 
rived, which was set for Oct. 5. 
The wind was very light, and the comriiittiee in order to 
get a windward and leeward course were obliged to 
move the starting point from Sandy Hook Lightship sev- 
eral miles -down the Jersey coast. At the outset, Capt. 
Hafl", who was handling the wheel on Defender, obtained 
slightly the best position. As the race advanced, however, 
it seemed that Valkyrie was leaving Defender rapidly. 
They split tack^, and the Englishman stood out to open 
ocean, while the American stood in toward the Jersey 
coast. All the while Valkyrie apparently was increasing 
her lead. This went on for about an hour, and then the 
boats were three miles apart on opposite tacks. Finally 
up went the Englishman's tiller and round he spun on 
his heel and headed in to cross Defender's bow. The 
excitement was now intense. Much speculation was in- 
diilged in as to how far he could cross by. All agreed 
that he would cross Defender. Closer and closer he 
came, and down went the hearts of the majority, but they 
were reckoning without the host. Defender was ghosting 
along in a wonderful manner. Nearer and nearer they 
came. Valkyrie was pinching all she could to make eVery 
possible inch count to windward. Now they were not 
more than 200yds. apart. Suddenly up goes the helm of 
the Englishman and round he goes again. He had failed, 
and was obliged to go under the lee of Defender. And 
what a din of whistles greeted the failure. From this 
point the race became a procession, with Defender con- 
stantly drawling away. She turned the outer mark well 
ahead, and setting her spinaker swept down to the finish- 
ing line into the arms of the mighty fleet awaiting her 
there, a winner by about eight minutes. 
The second race was made memorable by the famous 
foul. In the jockeying for the start, Valkyrie turned too 
close on the weather side of Defender and the end of 
her main boom swept around caught the back stay, tore it 
from the spreader and allowed her topmast to fall over to 
leeward, breaking it nearly in two. 
Defender, of course, protected the foul. She was prac- 
tically disab'rd a- she could not u^e her jib topsail, and 
the topma.st sagged over .so much that her club topsail was 
of little use on the wind. 
She went on in the race, however, and with all these 
disadvantages she was only beaten by forty-seven seconds. 
After the race the committee took up the matter of the 
protest on the fouls and awarded the race to Defender on 
that account. 
This, of course, ca'.i^ed some bitter words, and set up 
much friction. Lord Dunraven also protested on account 
of the crowding of the course by the excursion steamers. 
He also sent in a request that the remaining races be 
sailed off Newport or Marblehead. This the committee 
would not agree to, and ordered the third race to be 
sailed. 
Valkyrie appeared at the starting line, but with only 
mainsail and jib set, and it was apparent to all that she 
did not intend to start. She merely crossed the line and 
then turned back and was taken in tow by her tug. 
Defender went on and sailed over the course and was 
awarded the race. 
Lord Dunraven brought down a great deal of censure 
on himself by making charges of swindling against the 
owners of Defender when he returned to England. He 
charged that ballast had been added to Defender after she 
had been measured, and that she had been dishonestly 
sailed, etc. 
During the years from 1895 to 1899 the yachting in- 
terest is principally attracted to the number of freak boats 
that have been developed. One of the most prominent 
of these is Cartoon, designed by Mr. William Gardiner, of 
New York. She is 25ft. on the waterline and 48ft. over 
all. Her beam is 12ft. and she draws but loin. of water. 
Her bilges are very long and hard and when heeled over ' 
she sails on her side for nearly her entire length. This is 
what sailors sometimes , call sailing on her ear. The 
object of such a construction is to have them do just this 
thing — that is. to sail on their sides. When such a boat 
is heeled in this manner, she becomes practically a long, 
narrow canoe, and hence goes very fast comparatively. 
In Boston waters there has been quite a development 
of this tj'pe of vessel. 
Hostess is one of a large number that were built to 
defend the Quincy cup. She is 21ft. on the waterline, 
40ft, over all, loft. beam, draws 6in. of water and carries 
about 1,000ft. of sail. A fi'eak in every sense. 
The same freakish ideas have taken root in England, 
though not to the same extent as here. 
Yacht Racing in Aostralia, 
Yacht racing in Australia is confined almost exclusively 
to the small classes. In this, however, they have de- 
veloped some strange and wonderful things. 
Woonga, an Australian yacht, is but 23ft, long and 
about 10ft. beam. There is no deck. Her rig is some- 
thing immense, and she carries a crew of eighteen men. 
AVhile she looks somewhat peculiar in this shape, it is 
only when she starts home before the wand and spreads 
all her clothes that you realize the marvelous thing that 
she is. Her spread of sail seems almost large enough for 
an America Cup defender. That these boats can carry 
such immense rigs in this manner in Australia is explained 
from the fact that the trade winds there are almost con- 
stant during their racing season. A skipper may depend to 
a certainty, almost, on exactly the direction and force of 
the \v*nd at all times. 
During the last ten years the yawl classes have been 
greatly developed, and to-day this is a popular and grow- 
ing type of boat. 
A yawl is a type of two-masted vessel that differs from 
the schooner in that the after mast is set abaft the 
rudder and carries but a small sail. The main mast 
carries the principal sail of the boat. The rig is a very 
easy one to handle, and also a very ^ safe one in heavy 
weather It is for these reasons^ principally, that it is 
growing in favor, 
Satanita is one of the largest English yawls. Shp was 
formerly a sloop, and gained some notoriety from the 
fact that she sank Valkyrie \l. in 1894 in a coUsion on the 
