June 22, igoi,] 
KOHEST AND STREAM. 
491 
E. C. Chapman, broker, of New York ; R. W. Johnson, of 
New Brunswick, N. J., president of the Johnson Manu- 
facturing Company, of the surgical antiseptic supply busi- 
ness, and Mr. H. K. S. Williams, of New York. 
Mr. Louis Cabot, of Boston, and nephew, are on the 
Grand River of Gaspe. Mr. John Fottler, Jr., of Boston, 
on the St. John, of Gaspe ; Mr. Gardiner T. Lyons, and 
Mr. Walter M. Brackett, and Mr. H. O. Wilbur, and 
others, on the St. Marguerite, while the parties of Mr. 
Vanderbilt. of New York, and of Lord Minto. of Ottawa, 
are still on the Ristigouche. One of the earliest parties 
on this river this spring had rather poor sport, but good 
reports come from the Chamberlain Shoals party, which 
killed a number of fine fish on the first day out. The 
Ristigouche Club waters are pretty fully occupied. 
E. T. D. Champ.ers. 
Quebec, June 16. 
The Potomac Threatened. 
RoMNEV, W^. Va. — Editor Forest and Stream: In an 
issue of the Washington Post recently I noticed an article 
on the pollution of the Potomac and its tributaries, which 
said the tannery owners would do all in their power to 
prevent pollution, As this statement is foreign to the 
facts and to what has already been done by these tannery 
owners, I would like to state that the Capon River, which 
was at one time a fine black bass stream, has two tan- 
neries on it, owned and operated by the Covers, who have 
purchased a site at Moorefield and arc building a large 
tannery there, hi these tanneries on Capon River they 
have run all their filth and garbage into the river for 
years, although there is a State law against pollution of 
streams. We can only judge their future by their |)ast 
record, and as to the LTnited States Leather Company, who 
have bought a tannery at Petersburg, eleven miles above 
Moorefield, will say that they have run a large tannery at 
Paw Paw on tlu' main Potomac for years, and have run 
all their refuse stuff into the main Potomac River. 
With the cutting of pulp wood in the Trough and driv- 
ing it down the river, a new boom and lumber company 
formed for the purpose of rafting or driving white oak 
and pine timber down this beautiful stream", the two 
tanneries, one ooze factory, the cross tie rafting, a great 
deal of fishing and very little restocking of this stream, 1 
fear that black bass fishing in the waters of the South 
Branch of the Potomac is doomed, unless adequate laws 
arc passed and enforced to protect the fish and also the 
people whose stock are necessarily watered in the summer 
by this .stream. Hoping the people who have taken this 
matter up in Washington will not be fooled by the empty 
promises or misleading reports they receive from these 
tannerv moguls, I remain vours for pure streams, 
' J. B. Br.\dy, 
San Francisco Fly Ctsting Club* 
Medal contests, ^6ries 1901, Saturday re-eittry contest 
No. 2. held at Stow Lake, June 8. Wind, strong S. W. ; 
weather, beautiful : 
^ Event 
No. 4, 
Lure 
Event Event 
No. T, No. 2, 
Distance, Accuracy, 
-Event No. 8, 
Feet Per cent. Acc. % Del. % Net % Casting){ 
Everett, No. 1..100 
PO.S 
85 
75 
SO 
Everett. No. 2. .100 
83 
90.8 
78.4 
84.6 
Golcher, No. 1..104 
84.4 
84.8 
74.2 
75.5 
Golcher. No. 2..11(> 
79.4 
91.4 
75 
83.2 
trrant. No. 1 
90.4 
75.10 
83.1 
Grant. No. 2 
.S.-1.8 
75 
80.4 
Grant. No. 3..... .. 
87 
77.6 
82.3 
84. S 
90 
78.4 
84. 2 
Skinner, No. 1. 96 
79.4 
75.4 
65.10 
70.7 
Skinner, No. 2. 97 
76 
89 
89 
75.10 
76.8 
69.2 
73.4 
73.6 
71.8 
78.4 
75.10 
78.10 
76.9 
74.4 
83.10 
82.5 
Judges, Battu and Golcher; referee, Mansfield; clerk, 
Smyth. 
Sunday re-entry contest No. 2, held at Stow Lake, June 
9. Wind, strong S. W. ; weather, beautiful : 
Everett, No. 1.. 93 87.8 91.4 75.10 S3.7 
Everett, No. 2.. 100 SO 88 76.8 82.4 
Elade 74 76 56.8 69.2 62.11 
Daverkosen 99 
Grant .. 84.4 
Turner, No. 1.. 67 81. S 81 
Turner, No. 2.. .. 86 
Young. No. 1.. 88 91.4 
Young, No. 2.. 86 91.4 
Judges, Brotherton and Golcher; referee, Mansfield; 
clerk, Smyth. 
Spawning of the Winninish. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
1 have been very properly criticised of late 3'ears for 
what I wrote in the "Fishing Tourist" some twenty-eight 
years ago regarding this species of salmon, to the effect 
that "in winter they are scattered through the deep water 
of Lake St. John. P. Q., and in June descend to the series 
of rapids below^ to spawn." I will confess that I wrote 
under the impression that they were a landlocked species. 
My only ground for the conclusion was that the fish were 
never seen in the lower Saguenay. which is not marvelous, 
since it has a uniform depth of 1,000 feet from Tadousac 
Bar to the Chicoutimi. However, I would now like to 
repeat what T said in my "Salmon Fishes" in 1890. in 
revision of that antique hypothesis, that "in winter they 
are scattered through the deep water of Lake St. John, and 
in June ascend the rapids of the tributary riA-ers to 
spawn," having previously visited the sea, which is easy to 
do ad libitum at any season of the year, as they are at no 
lime landlocked or ice locked, which latter can be said of 
V'Cry few rivers on either side of the continent. 
Charles Hallock, 
Austrian Fish Exhibition. 
UxDER date of May i, 1901, Consul Hughes, of Coburg. 
writes as follows: "I have just learned that the Austrian 
Fishery Association will hold a large international fishery 
exhibition at Vienna during the latter part of September. 
1902, a large subsidy for this purpose having been granted 
by the Imperial Austrian Department of Agriculture. A 
special etfort will be made to have as the principal figure 
of this exhibition a complete representation of the Aus- 
trian portioit of the Adriatic Sea, the products of its 
fisheries, etc. In my opinion, this would bq an excellent 
opportunity for United States houses interested in the 
fishing industry and in the manufacture of fisli-taking 
jippar^itus to exhibit their goo^s," 
Fishing" in Home Brook. 
Charlestown, N. H., June 15.— "Between Casts" is 
framed and glazed, and hangs over the other corner of ray 
writing table, opposite to "Commissary Brook," so called, 
I suppose, from the quantities of trout it used to furnish. 
T made a trial last week of the little brook at the end of 
the village, in which I caught some verv large trout three 
years ago, of which I wrote you at the time. My trip 
was not very successful, except for the evidence it gave of 
the absence of small trout, 1 saw no signs of any, for the 
first quarter of a mile, from the head springs down 
through the pastures, but when I reached the level mead- 
ows, where the brook is sunk, m a deep, narrow cut 
throtigh the soft soil, I felt a gentle pull in the first deep 
hole, and on lifting my rod I swung a half-pound trout 
out, which dropped on the grass the other side of the 
brook, I dropped my rod instanter, and made a flying 
leap across the brook in season to catch him before he 
could flop back into the water, as their habit is, and break- 
ing his neck, dropped him into my basket. This done, I 
jumped back again, picked up my rod, and proceeded to 
examine my bait, for I had to use the humble angleworni, 
the brook being too narrow-, deep sunk and bushy to admit 
of casting a ily, and found to my dismay that in my two 
leaps I had jolted every vestige of a worm out of ray 
bait box, which was strapped about my waist, and rny 
sport was at an end. I tried for a few rods further with 
what was left of the old bait, but could tempt no rseponse, 
and reeled up and came home with a nice breakfast relish 
lor my wife and daughter. . 
The" same Rip Van Winkle of whom I spoke in my last 
tried the same brook a day or two after and got eight 
large trout, but saw no small ones, and we both agreed 
that these large ones had run up from; the Connecticut 
River. Von W. 
Keuka Lake Fishing. 
Bath, X. Y.. June 10. — Editor ]'oresf and Stream: I 
have just had a day's lake trout fishing in Lake Keuka. 
My catch was twenty-six in all, large and sinall. I kept 
nineteen, all over 2 pounds. The largest was iiH pounds, 
the average about 4 pounds ; so it will be seen that the 
average was good, but nothing very large. The fishing in 
Lake Keuka is better this year "than it has ever been 
liefore. If any one wants good lake trout fishing, Keuka 
is the place. Will Dart, of Catawba (on the lake), the 
guide, and the central spot to .stop at is Gibson's Hotel, 
Catawba. The trunk roads are runnig excellent fast 
trains to Bath. It takes two days now to get to Gibson's 
from Bath via the B. & H. R. R. and steamboat, a distance 
of fifteen miles. The best thing to do is to take a livery 
from the D,, L. & 'W. station direct to Gibson's; the time 
a livery will take is about two and a half to three hours 
through a glorious country. Messrs. Talmadge & Sons, of 
Hamtnondsport. have oft'ered special rates from the D.. L. 
& W. station at Bath to Gibson's on the lake for readers 
of Forest and Stream. He will take one or two persons 
in a surr}' or closed carriage for $3. This reduced rate 
will only be given when the claim is made in the name of 
Forest and Stream. J. Churchward. 
Big- "Wisconsin Troat 
Berlin, W'is,, June 13. — Editor Forest and Stream: 
Have been out for few days trout fishing at Benjamin's 
Farm on the White River, a place that is fast becoming 
famous for big trout. 
One of the party, jNIr. Owen Gudden, caught on Tuesday 
a .trout 20 inches long, weighing 3^ pounds. This gentle- 
man has the distinction of taking next to the largest trout 
out of White River. 
The honor of taking the record trout belongs to Mr. 
F. H. Josslyn. of Oshkosh". It w-as caught last summer 
and nearly cost the gentleman his life, as he was obliged to 
lay down on top of the trout in quite deep water. The 
measurements of the fish were 24 inches long, J2-inch 
girth. It weighed 4J4 pounds. H. R. 
An Absent-Minded Preacher. 
An odd circumstance happened once at W^inchester. As 
Dr. Wilson was one Sunday morning going through the 
.streets toward the cathedral, he heard a woman cry: 
"Mackerel I All alive, all alive, O !" And on his arrival 
at the church he began the service as follows : "When 
the Avicked man turneth away from his wickedness, and 
doeth that which is lawful and right, he shall save his 
.soul alive, alive, O !" These last words the doctor pro- 
claimed aloud, in the true tone of the fisherwoman, to 
the great surprise of. the congregation. But the good 
doctor was so studious and absent minded that he knew 
not what he had done. — Household Words. 
Keeping Trout. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
Mr. J- S. Van Cleef rather knocks all accepted ideas in 
the head when he says, in his article, "Unreliable Tradi- 
tions. — II.," that a trout should not be "drawn" until ready 
for the frying pan. But I am always open to conviction 
and glad .to be set right on this point, for I have ahvays 
heretofore cleaned ni)' fish on the stream. 
Fayette Durlin.. Jr. 
Animal H«mbttgs. 
In military stables horses are known to have pretended 
to be lame in order to avoid going to a military exercise. 
A chimpanzee had been fed on cake when sick; after his 
recovery he often feigned coughing in order to procure 
dainties. The cuckoo, as is well knowm, lays its eggs in 
another liird's nest, and to make the deception surer it 
takes away one of the other bird's eggs. Animals are 
conscious of their deceit, as shown bj- the fact that they 
try to act secretly and noiselessly ; they show a sense of 
guilt if detected; they take precautions in ad\ance to 
avoid discovery; in some cases they manifest regret and 
repentance. Thus, bees which steal hesitate often before 
:tnd after their exploits, as if they feared punishment. A 
naturalist describes how his monkey committed theft; 
while he pretended to sleep the animal regarded him with 
hesitation, and stopped every time his master moved or 
seerae4 Pt) |b§ point of ^^yyakenipg.— Londoii Exchange, 
Fixiufes. 
Sept. 2-5.— Toronto, Can.— Dog show of the Toronto Industrial 
Exhibition. W. P. Fraser, Sec'y. and Supt. 
Training the Hunting Dog. 
By B. Waters, Author of "Fetch and Carry; A Treatise 
on Retrieving." 
XVni.— The Force System. 
.•\s the term "force system" suggests, it is a system of 
teaching the dog retrieving, which in part is accomplished 
by the exercise of force. As a title, it is misleading in 
its significance, since force is used only in the elementary 
stages of the lessons, and then to a limited degree. 
The force, as applied, is for the pttrpose of causing pain 
to the dog. The pain is so associated with certain acts 
which free him from it that he commits them mechanic- 
ally to avoid it. Pain of itself teaches the dog nothing 
whatever in the way of intelligent and positive retrieving. 
Its scope, however, is quite sufficient to enable the trainer 
to lay a firm elementary groundwork ttpon which the 
retrieving superstructure may be built. 
When left to the exercise of his own will in the use of 
his mouth, the dog is predisposed to harshly grasp such 
objects as he closes it upon. Under the schooling of the 
natural system, the manner in which he uses it is prac- 
tically beyond the control of the trainer. Indeed, his 
schooling, imder that system, has a tendency to develop 
a hard mottth rather than to preserve a tender one. 
In the force system, the dog's manner of using his 
tnouth is under the direct control of the trainer. Tender 
grasping of the object to be retrieved is a feature of it 
from the very beginning. The dog notes that when he has 
the object in his mottth. pain ceases. 
The manner in which the dog uses his moutli to the end 
that pain may be avoided, and that which he uses when 
iinpelled by natural impulse, are quite distinct. The one is 
gentle, the other forceful. 
If cruelty is inflicted by any instrument which causes 
pain to the dog. the trainer should not, by any sophism, 
assume that the cruelty is inherent in such instrument. 
The cruelty, when it exists, comes from the application of 
the punishment. 
Pain can be caused without any injury whatever to ' 
the dog. When the trainer loses his temper and muti- 
lates and shocks his dog to gratify it. he should not for 
a m.oment imagine that the origin of the cruelty is in the 
collar. The latter being absent, his boot, club, shotgun 
or whip would be quite likely to come into use, and are 
then crtiel instruments solely because they are so applied 
in a cruel manner by a cruel man. 
To teach the dog to retrieve from the effects of pain, 
some trainers pinch the toes, the ears, the nose, or apply 
the whip or collar. The latter has the special advantage 
of direct co!itrol_ over the dog's mouth while the pain ^is 
inflicted. Pinching his mottth hampers him in the use 
of it. When the pain is inflicted bj^ the other means enu- 
merated, the dog's mouth is under but little control, hence 
the progress is less positive and less complete. 
In the application of force, intelligence, kindness, sym- 
pathy for the dog in his efforts to perform the desired 
act, good temper and a knowledge of dog nature are essen- 
tial to the best success. An ignorant man can apply more 
force, but he should not confound his senseless punishing 
ability with true dog training. The cause of nain is a 
limited aid to training; it is not the training ilself. 
Retrievers trained after the force system are finished 
performers in their work. By virtue of this system, they 
have undergone a discipline which left their di.slikes and 
objections unconsidered. They have recollections of im- 
plicit obedience only as a means of avoiding pain. Their 
impressions concerning it are lifelong. 
A tender mouth can be insured under this system if the 
trainer has ordinary skill. Also, under it, the dog can 
be caught to retrieve whether he is old or young. The 
discipline further conqtiers and subjugates him in a gen- 
eral way, without impairing his independence or breaking 
his spirit. 
Any hurry in the training should be carefully avoided. 
The dog mtist have ample time to comprehend the pur- 
poses of his trainer, and to remember what associated 
acts free him from pain. 
After the dog will pick up the object and fetch it me- 
chanically, the so-called natural method is applied, and 
the dog is then petted, flattered and rewarded in his work 
to the end that his enthusiasm and self-interest are evoked. 
In the force system, the progress may be roughly differ- 
entiated into stages— namely, that in which the dog 
merely opens his mouth mechanically when he hears the 
command "Fetch," as a preventive or avoidance of pain; 
that in \vhicli he will actively engage in an effort to grasp 
the object when he hears the command, if the object is 
held on a level with his mouth, a few feet in front of 
him ; that in which he wall follow it up and pick it out of 
the hand of the trainer or off the groitnd or floor, know- 
ing then fully that the act if completed will free him from 
pain; that in which _ the attempt is made to teach the 
dog to pick up an object off the floor or ground. If each 
stage has been thoroughly inculcated, but little if any 
difficulty will be encountered in steady advancement. 
He further must be schooled to go after the object when 
or it is thrown to a distatice. 
If he fights the collar the trainer lets him fight it out 
at the end of the check cord till he entirely desists. 
A corjtcob is a good object to. school the dog on in his 
first lessons. It is not repugnant to him; it is shaped so 
that he can conveniently hold it in his mouth, and a 
clean one can be conveniently tised at every lesson. 
The first lessons should be given in a room, free from 
disturbing noises and the presence of spectators. The 
dog should face diagonally across, oh the right side, so 
that he will be facing an object held in the trainer's 'left 
hand in front of him. 
The running free end of the collar rests on top of the 
dog's neck. A piece of half-inch rope, about three feet 
. long, i§ fast?-n|4 to it, The trainer firmly grasps the cqU 
