July t3, 1901.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
2© 
appears to be dead when exhumed, and if dug up in the 
summer and put into water it dies at once. If, however, 
it is brought to daylight in May or early June (the end of 
autumn), when the rains are beginning to make the soil 
thoroughly wet, and put into a tub of water, a curious 
thing happens. After a day or two it casts its skin, which 
sinks to the bottom, and the fish plays about bright and 
lively. When dug up in summer there appears to be a 
growth of skin, or perhaps of a dry gummy exudation, 
which seals up the head and gills. Apparently this en- 
ables it to asstivate through the dry weather, and seals 
the fish as an Indian fakir is sealed up before he goes 
in for a long fasting burial. Of course in winter there 
must be marshy spots or pools in which the fish can 
swim and propagate, but often all evidence of such nata- 
tion disappears in summer, and the hot, dry, waterless 
plain seems the last place on earth in which t;o find a fish. — 
New Zealand Correspondence Spectator. 
The Antiquity of Fly-Fisliingf* 
The origin of the art of flj^-fishing is so old as to be 
lost in the past. I have not the least doubt that long be- 
fore the Bronze Age horse or human hair and hard thorn 
hooks (such as are used to this day for catching flatfish 
on some parts of our coasts) enabled the lake or cave 
dweller to catch fish with a natural May-fly. Even when 
artificial fly-fishing was first practiced is unknown; in 
England the first printed description of it of any im- 
portance is that given by Juliana, a daughter of Sir James 
Bemers, of Roding, in Essex, who wrote on fishing, 
hunting, hawking, etc., and whose "Treatyse of 
Fysshynge" was published in Fleet street, London, at the 
Sygne of the Sonne, by Wynkyn de Worde, about the year 
1500. It is a little black letter quarto volume, and con- 
tains such instruction on artificial fly-making and de- 
scriptions of flies for the different months as proves that 
artificial fly-fishing was no new art in England long before 
Henry VIII. Some modern iconoclasts question whether 
Dame Juliana Berners ever existed. I think it is very 
mean of them to throw doubt on such a charming and 
accomplished lady, whose account of fishing — and more 
particularly artificial flj^-fishing — ^is the spring, the foun- 
tain head of that long series of works on angling which 
now number more than a thousand— a literature such as 
no other sport can show. — R. B. Marston in Fishing 
Gazette. 
Mmmt 
Fixitjres. 
Sept. 2-S.— Toronto, Can.— Dog stow of the Toronto Industrial 
Exhibition. W. P. Fraser, Sec'y- and Supt, 
Training the Hunting Dog. 
By B. Waters, Atithor of "Fetch and Carry: A Treatise 
on Retrieving." 
XIX. — GuQshyness and Blinking. 
The dog flees from the sight of a gun or the report of 
it simply because he is afraid in respect to it, and this 
display of fear is called gunshyness. It is one of the 
,most common educational troubles which embarrass and 
'obstruct the eft'orts of the amateur. It is commonly the 
result of his own faulty attempts at training, or the acts 
of those who are equally thoughtless. 
The novice, in most cases, proceeds on a wrong theory 
in his endeavor to accustom the dog to the report of the 
gun. His own knowledge of it is generally and uncon- 
sciously made by the standard by which to measure the 
puppy's knowledge. 
Generally the trainer fails to consider that the puppy is 
wholly ignorant concerning the uses of the gun, and 
that its terrorizing reports, which cause fear in many 
boys, also may be to the puppy a cause of intense fear. If 
the trainer would keep in mind that his own early boy- 
hood, with its timidity, ignorance and immaturity, is a 
better standard by which sympathetically to understand 
and school the puppy, he rarely, if ever, would have cases 
of gunshyness. 
Men of excellent sense In other matters assume as a 
matter of course that a dog and gun were made as a 
natural corollary of each other, and hence could be used 
together as if they were litter brothers. Anything short 
of success in the application of the theory is ascribed to 
the imperfection of the dog's nature. 
To punish a dog for his fears adds to and confirms him 
in them. The fact that so many dogs are cured of gun- 
shyness is positive proof that they never would have 
been afraid of the gun if they had been properly accus- 
tomed to it from the beginning. It is a self-evident fact 
that if a dog's shyness of the gun can be allayed after he 
has acquired a fear of it, by proper treatment, before he 
had any fears of it at all, he could be familiarized with 
its use, without causing him alarm. A little care at first 
in familiarizing the pupil with the noise of the gun will 
oftentimes save many weeks or months of later trouble in 
curing him of gimshyness, and add so much more to his 
usefulness. 
However, the trainer will have cases of gunshyness to 
cure, resulting either from his own mistakes or those of 
others, and therefore it Is necessary that he should know 
the best methods of treatment for it. 
Some apparently mild cases persist to a discouraging 
degree, while under favorable circumstances some bad 
cases may be cured readily. Nevertheless, the degree of 
shyness exhibited Is no criterion of the length of time 
required to effect a cure, nor is there any arbitrary 
method by which a cure may be eft'ected. 
Highly nervous dogs are easilj'- made gunshy if the 
trainer has been so thoughtless as to frighten them by 
heedlessly firing the gun. Indeed, the dogs of steadiest 
nerves can easll)' be made gunshy if the report of the gun 
is associated with pain, as when punishment is inflicted in 
training the dog to drop to shot, or for breaking shot, etc. 
If the dog, furthermore, is afraid of his trainer, any un- 
usual or extra serious acts of the latter are regarded with 
alarming appp^epsipn, and fiYOl^O 3^ purpose to se?H sgfetv 
Irv fiip-bt ■ ■ - ■■ ' ■■ • ■■ • 
Gunshy dogs pursue quite distinct ways, seeking safety 
from the gun or avoiding it. Some run away entirely, 
either returning home or going afield, or taking advantage 
of the opportunity to self-hunt; others seek the first 
place which affords concealment, and tremblingly hide 
therein; or, terror stricken, others may lie down a few 
yards away and curl up apathetically; or they may range 
at a safe distance from the handler and outside of his 
control. Some will be afraid at the sight of a gun; 
others will show no fear of it till it is placed at the 
shoulder as if to fire it, while others again have fear only 
of the report. 
There are three essentials to be observed in curing gun- 
shyness — namely, the dog must not be permitted to run 
away, the gun must be used in a manner which impresses 
him that it has no reference to him at all, and the trainer 
must have his pupil's confidence and affection, for if the 
pupil is afraid of both gun and trainer (gunshy and 
trainershy), the prospect of a cure Is not hopeful. Fear of 
the trainer, if such there be, must first be allayed before 
any successful attempt can be made to cure the dog's 
gunshyness. 
There are different methods of cure. If the dog is in- 
clined to run away when his gun fears are excited, he 
should be taken into an inclosed yard, from which he 
cannot escape. The trainer should assume a kind, care- 
less, nonchalent air, and seem to be Interested in any- 
thing other than his pupil. Above all, the serious, por- 
tentious air, such as the trainer assumes when he is 
about to give the puppy a thrashing, should be avoided, 
although such, nevertheless. Is quite likely to be the air 
that the amateur will assume. By sternly concentrating 
the attention of a dog and advancing on him with more 
or less hostility of manner, the bravest dog will become 
fearful of harm. 
If the dog will not bolt at the report of the gun, no 
precautions against running away are necessary, but 
whether in field or yard, the gun as a factor of the lesson 
should be kept in abeyance for a while. The effort should 
be directed toward making the incident as commonplace 
and unimportant as possible. There should be as much 
of the pleasurable and as little of the painful as possible in 
it. A few palatable morsels to eat, some gentle patting 
of the head and kind words of approval bestowed on the 
pupil will not be amiss at different stages of the lesson. 
.A.fter a time, when the pupil is not apprehensive of it, a 
cap is snapped, and the trainer looks at anything other 
than the dog at this juncture. He can see what the dog 
is doing without looking directly at him. The latter, 
when he hears the report, is likely to scrutinize the trainer 
closely, and if he detects no purpose referring to him- 
self, he passes the Incident by as a matter of no Impor- 
tance. On the other hand, let the trainer look hard at 
the dog and impress upon him that all the alarms are 
directed at him, and the matter Is made worse instead of 
better. If he runs to corner and curls up in fancied 
security, he must be brought gently back, and the same 
deliberate procedure Is repeated. 
Another method, often successful, is to place the dog's 
food in its regular place at the regular time, and then 
to shoot at a reasonable distance away when the dog 
begins to eat. If he bolts into his kennel, the food Is 
quietly removed and none given again till the next meal 
time, -when the lesson is again repeated as at first. In 
time his hunger will become so ravenously importunate 
that he will appease it regardless of all fears. The noise 
of the gun colncidentally v/ill have a grateful significance 
and a pleasant association, so that fears will give way to 
delightful eagerness. As a matter of course, under this 
method the dog's liberty is restricted at all times, other- 
wise he would seek food independently. 
If the dog is a confirmed bolter, it is better to take him 
at once Into the open field for his lessons. He must be 
prevented from running away, and hence the spike collar 
and check cord come Into useful play at this juncture. 
The collar and cord do not in the least allay his fears 
of the gun, nor have they any inherent powers of cure 
concerning it. They simply prevent or deter him from 
running away, and thus prevented he must be, else a cure 
cannot be effected. Then, shooting with judgment and 
exhibiting kindness, an unconcerned manner, and judi- 
ciously bestowing rewards, will effect a cure in the 
majority of cases. 
Dogs have been cured by taking them to a trapshooting 
tournament and chaining them in a safe place nearby the 
shooters. Neither dog nor man can remain continuously 
In a state of fright, whether the danger is real or imagi- 
nary. Continuous firing, hour after hour, merely wears 
out the dog's fright, and he becomes accustomed to It 
from habit. 
If the dog has ordinary courage and sense, the cure is 
sometimes effected in the field in a moment. If he has 
a desire to pursue birds, he may be led on a long cord 
into a field where they are numerous, and when one 
attracts his attention it Is shot, if not protected by law, and 
he is permitted to capture it. Again, if he can in any 
waj'- be induced to chase a rabbit, if the trainer can shoot 
it close ahead of him while he is In close pursuit, a cure 
is in most Instances effected then and there. 
The company of an old, steady dog is at all times re- 
assuring, regardless of his breed or special hunting pro- 
clivities. A rabbit dog, however, is likely to be the best 
assistant. Nothing so excites the spirit of the chase in 
a dog as to see or hear another dog in full cry after a 
rabbit. 
A gunshy dog should never be worked on game birds 
before he Is fully cured of his fault, otherwise the chances 
are great that he becomes birdshy and a blinker. If he 
has both faults, he must have exceptionally good qualities 
if he is worth the attempt to cure him. 
A blinker Is cured by kind treatment, by permitting him 
to eat the entrails of the birds which are shot, and by 
ignoring any faults and errors of which he may be 
guilty. Sometimes the one who caused the blinking can 
never cure it. and therefore it is necessary to place the 
pupil in the charge of another trainer. 
Much has been written on the heredity of gunshynes?. 
but niost of the writers on It have succeeded better In 
proving that they were not quite familiar with what con- 
stitutes heredity than that the dog's fears were trans- 
mitted. Dogs of a highly nervous and excitable tempera- 
ment, with a silly mentality, show alarm at any strange 
noises, whether caused by the gun or anything else. 
Inherited nervousness or cqwa?-dttess \^o\t]d be tV better 
Yachting- Fixtwfes, 
Secretaries and members of race committees will confer a favor 
by sending notice of errors or omissions in the following list and 
also of changes which may be made in the future. 
JULY. 
10. East Gloucester, evening race, Gloucester, Mass. 
13. Moriches, club. 
13. Mobile, club, Point Clear, Alabama. 
13. Corinthian, third club championship, Marblehead, Mass. Bay. 
13. Beverly, club, Monument Beach. 
13. Winthrop, class handicap, Winthrop, Mass. 
13. Hull-Massachusetts, club, Hull, Mass. 
13. Larchmont, open, first day of race week, Larchmont, Long 
Island Sound. 
13. Seawanhaka Corinthian, race for Roosevelt memorial cup, 
Oyster Bay. Long Island Sound. 
13. Cohasset, knockabout, championship and handicap races, Co- 
hasset, Mass. 
13. Kennebec, club, Kennebec. Me. 
13. Manhasset, special. Port Washington, Long Island Sound. 
13-20. Larchmont, race week, Larchmont, Long Island Sound. 
15-19.— Interlake meet, Put-in-Bay, O. 
17. Beverly, Buzzards Bay. 
17. East Gloucester, evening race, Gloucester, Mass. 
18. 20, 23. Newport Y. R. A., special races, Newport 
19. Quincy, open, Quincy, Mass. 
20. Cohasset, knockabout, championship and handicap races, Co- 
hasset, Mass. 
20. Quincy, handicap, Quincy, Mass. 
20. Columbia, club. City Pomt, Boston Harbor. 
20. Westhampton C. C, club. 
20. Hull-Massachusetts, club, Hull, Mass. 
20. Savin Hill, club, Boston Harbor. 
20. Winthrop, Winthrop, Mass. 
2C. Duxbury, ladies' day, Duxbury, Mass. 
20. Beverly, Corinthian, Monument Beach. 
20. Winthrop, open. Winthrop, Mass. 
20. South Boston, club handicap. City Point, Boston Harbor. 
20. Norwalk, club race. South Norwalk, Long Island Sound. 
20. Stamford, annual, Stamford, Long Island Sound. 
20. Seawanhaka Corinthian, fourth race for Center Island cup, 
Oyster Bay, Long Island Sound. 
20. Trial race to select Canada cup defender, Chicago, Lake 
Michigan. 
20. Burgess, Marblehead, Massachusetts Bay. 
20. Pass Christian, club, Pass Christian, Miss. 
22 New York, cruise, rendezvous. Glen Cove. 
22. Harvard, cruise, rendezvous, Morris Cove, L. I. Sound. 
22. Canarsie, open, Canarsie, Jamaica Bay. 
23. New York, cruise to the eastward. 
24. Seawanhaka, cup race. Lake St. Louis. 
24. East Gloucester, evening race, Gloucester, Mass. 
25, 26, 27. Hull-Massachusetts, invitation races, Hull, Mass. 
25-26. Erie, regatta, Erie, Pa. 
27. Beverly, open sweepstake. Monument Beach. 
27. Bay Waveland, club. Bay St. Louis, Miss. 
27. Shelter Island, ladies' regatta. 
27. Cohasset, knockabout, championship and handicap races, Co- 
hasset, Mass. 
27. Corinthian, fourth club championship, Marblehead, Mass. Bay, 
27. Shinnecock Bay, special, Shinnecock Bay. 
27. Sea Cliff, annual. Sea Cliff, Long Island Sound. 
27. Northport, annual, Northport, Long Island Sound. 
27. Winthrop, special handicap, Winthrop, Mass. 
27. Seawanhaka Corinthian, fifth race for Center Island cup. Oyster 
Bay. Long Island Sound. 
27. Manhasset, fourth series race for Jacob cup, Port Washing- 
ington. Long Island Sound. 
29. New York, Astor cup races, Newport. 
29- 30. Burgess, open, Marblehead, Massachusetts Bay. 
30- Aug. 3. Pan-American regatta, Buffalo, N. Y. 
30-31. New York, trial races to select America Cup defender, 
Newport. 
31. Corinthian, Marblehead, Massachusetts Bay. 
31. East Gloucester, evening race, Gloucester, Mass. 
Newport Special Thirties* 
NEWPORT, R. I. 
» Thursday, July 4. 
There was a cup race on Thursday, Juty 4, between 
the 30ft. sloops, the trophy being offered by Henry Wal- 
ters. There was a light southeast wind, and the course 
was over an eight-mile triangle, the first mark being at 
Bishop's Rock and the second at Jamestown. The start 
was made from Brenton's Cove. The yachts crossed 
well bunched. Wawa a trifle In the lead. As soon as 
they had crossed splnakers were set and it was a run to 
the first mark. Five minutes after the start Barbara got 
hung up on a lobster pot and did not finish. The second 
leg was a broad reach and a beat to the finish line. 
Carolina won by s8s. The summary : 
Start. Finish. Elapsed. 
Carolina. Pembroke Jones 3 25 00 4 57 34 1 32 34 
Wawa, Reginald Brooks 3 25 00 4 58 32 1 33 32 
Esperanza, H. O. Havemeyer, Tr..3 25 00 4 59 30 1 34 30 
Dorothy, H. Y. Dolan "...3 25 00 4 59 49 1 34 49 
Hera, Ralph N. Ellis ..3 25 00 5 01 11 1 36 11 
Barbara, Winthrop Rutherfurd 3 25 00 Did not finish. 
Friday, July S. 
Carolina, owned and sailed by Mr. Pembroke Jones, won 
her second cup of the season on Friday, July $. a pretty 
trophy offered by Mr. Chester Griswold. of the Regatta 
Committee of the N. Y. Y. C. The wind was light from 
the northeast. 
The yachts beat up the bay to Dyer's Island and ran 
back to Brenton's Cove, Carolina leading all the way. The 
start was at 3 :20. The time follows : 
Finish. Elapsed. 
Carolina, Pembroke Jones 5 56 47 2 34 47 
Esperanza, H. O. Havemeyer, Jr 5 58 29 2 36 29 
Dorothy, H. Y. Dolan » 5 58 42 2 36 42 
Hera, Ralph N. Ellis 5 59 01 2 37 01 
AVawa, Reginald Brooks 6 03 19 2 41 19 
Barbara, Winthrop Rvxtherfurd Did not finish. 
Canarsie Y, C. 
CANARSIE, L. I. 
Saturday, July 6. 
The Corinthian regatta of the Canarsie Y. C. was held 
on Saturday. July 6. The race was open to all boats be- 
longing to the club and no time allowance was given. 
The course was twice over a route four and a half miles, 
and the wind was from the south, veering to westerly 
and rather light. The first leg was a run to the Canarsie 
steamboat dock, thence out through the breakwater to a 
mark boat off the Griffle and back. The summaries : 
Canarsie Yacht Club Special Race. 
. Finish. Elapsed. 
\ ision, G. B. Fitzmaurice 3 54 03 1 4S 43 
So So, Hertert F. Tuttle 3 54 12 I 43 50 
Ideal, W. H. Sampson 3 57 13 1 47 00 
Tam O'Shanter. Commodore P. J, Brijisley..4 00 31 1 50 08 
Yank, Charles Duhy 4 00 S2 1 50 09 
Black Diamond, W. R. Fleming.,,..,, 4 00 36 1 50 13 
Irene, George Winters 4 05 00 2 10 20 
Imp, J, Pmniflp (f^hsrpK'' ^'it-.-Mu^A 05 oi ^ \^ % 
