July 13, 1901.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
The Canada Cup Challengers* 
Toronto, July i. — The three prospective contestants in 
the trial races to select a Canada cup challenger came 
togetlier in a race to-day for the first time. It was at the 
Queen's cup race at Hamilton, held under the auspices 
of the Royal Hamilton Y. C. A large visiting fleet had 
assembled and watched the match. The course was 25 miles 
in all, being twice around an equilateral triangle in Lake 
Ontario off Burlington Beach. There were seven starters 
in the race — Beaver, Invader and Canadian, and Myrtle, 
one of the Canada cup defenders of 1899; Hazard, a very 
smart Herreshoff 30-footer; I'll Away, a 25-fQOter; Vik- 
ing, a former Nova Scotian sloop of considerable speed, 
and Brenda, a 30-footer. 
Hazard and Canadian fouled one another at the start, 
but although no damage was done, it was evident that the 
concave-bottomed craft was not in good sailing trim. 
Her canvas did not set well by any means, and it is un- 
derstood that her spar will be moved forward. Capt. 
Fearnside took her around the course once and then 
steered into the harbor, to complete his preparation for 
the trial races, beginning on July 3. The other yachts 
went around the course, finishing in the following order; 
Invader 5 14 25 Myrtle 6 01 00 
Viking 5 58 05 I'll Away. ..6 Oi 40 
Beaver 5 32 30 Brenda 6 20 15 
Hazard 5 33 05 
Beaver, as will he seen, finished in second place, but she 
fouled the buoy, striking the flagstaff with her main 
boom. She was coming iii with a started sheet. 
The breeze was light and, variable, and quite suited 
Invader ; moreover, she was sailed by probably the smart- 
est amateur skipper on the Canadian side, Mr. ^Emilius 
Jarvis, of Canada cup fame. On the other hand, however, 
she was handicapped by the lack of her spinaker and bal- 
loon jib, which were shipped after she left Toronto and 
did not arrive in time for the race. A baby balloon jib 
had to be utilized as a spinaker. Invader's lead of eighteen 
minutes and five seconds in twenty-five miles clearly estab- 
lishes her superiority under weather conditions such as 
then prevailed. 
Canadian was able to point as high as the Toronto 
boats, but they outfooted her. The elapsed time of the 
completion of the first round shows how she fared in the 
twelve and a half miles she sailed. She started on very 
nearly even terms with Invader, the first over the line. 
The time of the first round was : 
Invader 2 18 25 Myrtle 2 42 20 
Beaver 2 33 55 Viking 3 13 30 
Hazard 2 35 40 I'll Away 3 14 00 
Canadian 2 37 25 Brenda 3 23 50 
On the run Canadian seemed to hold her own. She 
has had i,ooolbs. of ballast added and the depth of her 
fin increased, but she is still not quite stiff enough. She 
lay over imtil 3ft. of her deck was under water in a trial 
spin with Viking on the last day of June. Viking ap- 
peared to have the best of the argument. 
July 6. — ^The first week of the trial races for the selec- 
tion of the Canada cup challenger resulted in the contest 
simmering down to a struggle between the two Toronto 
boats. Beaver and Invader, the Hamilton entry, Canadian, 
being clearly not a factor in the racing. At the end of 
the week the result of the trials was as far off as ever, 
although the number of the competitors had diminished 
and this should simplify matters. Invader showed her- 
self a first-class boat in breezes of seven miles and un- 
der, while Beaver proved once more her superiority where 
there was wind enough to drive her. The performances 
of the two boats were not surprising. It was only natural 
that Invader, with 1,483 sq, ft. of canvas and a pared-away 
underbody, should sail faster in light winds than Beaver ; 
and in a fresh breeze it was only natural that Beaver, with 
1.335 sq. ft. of canvas and a larger underbody, should 
foot faster and edge to windward. 
_ As for Canadian, the Hamilton craft, all that can be said 
is that she had, from the first, no chance of being selected 
as the Canada cup challenger. It would be difficult to 
say whether this was owing to lack of preparation or to 
the boat's model. The latter is peculiar enough to ac- 
count for many things, but whether the boat is radically 
slow or not was not shown by the races she sailed. She 
was pitted, in an unfinished condition, against boats upon 
which time and money (in one instance both) had been 
lavished in the tuning up process. There could, of course, 
be only one result. Day after day Beaver and Invader 
iTad been out for their trial spins, and wherever a possible 
improvement was noted it was promptly made. Their 
gear was a marvel of strength, neatriess and easy running 
qualities. Canadian was fitted with stiffly running sheets 
and halyards, that sometimes jammed in the blocks, which 
were of less modern design, if of tried and true pattern. 
Her double headsails were harder to handle and of less 
benefit than the powerful jibs that filled the fore triangles 
of the other two contestants. But it was not in these 
details that Canadian suffered most. The boat was ab- 
solutely unprepared for the races. The Royal Canadian 
Y. C. wanted to hold them in the week commencing June 
24. Capt. Fearnside notified the club that he could not 
possibly be ready by that date, and asked tO' have them 
postponed until the second week in July. The Royal 
Canadians consented to a postponement until Wednesday, 
July 3, and would wait no longer. 
Canadian only received her canvas a week before the 
trial races. She was sailed once or twice, and was found 
to carry a big weather helm. It was decided to move the 
mast iiin. further forward. This was the reason for her 
abandoning the Queen's cup race on July i. The moving 
of the center of effort forward only partially corrected the 
weather helm, and a longer bowsprit was decided on. 
There was no time, however, to make and ship it and 
supply the new rigging, and Canadian came down to 
Toronto with her old horn, arriving just five hours before 
the first race. 
It would not be safe to go so far as to state that Cana- 
dian could be improved so as to beat Invader or Beaver, 
but she could be improved so as to give them both a 
good race. Her design calls for a greater immersion of 
hull and 200ft. more canvas. With these alterations, with 
ballast of the proper weight and quality, with the weather 
helm corrected and the half-ton of extra weight used in 
her construction eliminated by the use of lighter and 
stronger material, Canadian would be a different boat. 
She showed herself, under all her disadvantages, as good 3 
sea boat as any of them — perhaps better. While she 
makes considerable fuss in a seaway, she tosses it away 
from her, and can safely be sailed in a blow with sky- 
lights and hatch covers off. There is as much room in 
her as there is in the ordinary keel craft of 50 per cent, 
more measurement. The boat's best performances, handi- 
capped as she was, were off the wind. Capt. Fearnside 
had seen enough of the splendid trim of his opponents and 
of his own boat's unprepared state to convince him that 
further trials were useless. Being a yachtsman of the 
first order, he took his defeat with the same pluck he 
showed in building and sailing his craft, and steered 
homeward at the end of the week with a cheery good-by. 
Canadian may be improved to be a first-class racer ; she 
is a good cruiser at any rate. Her performance,^ how- 
ever, has not been such as to encourage the adoption of 
Father O'Brien's design of square bilges and a concave 
bottom by fresh-water yachtsmen. 
The breeze in the first two races of the series was one 
in which Minota would have beaten Beaver by at least a 
minute in the mile. This will give some idea, therefore, 
of the speed of the contestants, Minota and Beaver being 
two known qliantities. 
The course was a three-mile equilateral triangle, so 
placed that in the light southerly wind off Toronto Island 
the first leg was a close reach, the second a trifle broader 
and the third a spinaker run. Invader crossed the line 
with Beaven los. ahead of her and Canadian 7s. behind. 
At the first buoy she had a lead of 55s. over Beaver and of 
2m. and 8s. over Canadian. This she increased all the 
way around, gaining, on the second leg im. and 50s. on 
Beaver and 4m. and 43s. on Canadian. In the run with 
spinakers to starboard she did not do so well, although 
still gaining. She covered the mile in 4s._ less than Beaver 
and im. and 2s. less than Canadian. Minota would have 
given her a close run. The elapsed time on this, the first 
race of the series, was : 
l.st Leg. 2d Leg. 3d Leg. Total. 
Invader 9 35 11 22 18 3,9 39 36 
Beaver 10 30 13 12 18 43 42 25 
Canadian 11 43 15 55 19 41 46 51 
The yachts were sent once more around the triangle, the 
wind having shifted so as to give two close reaches and a 
run with spinakers to port. Canadian discarded her bal- 
loon head canvas and did better in the reaches, although 
she was beaten by a greater margin at the finish, owing to 
the wind heading her off at the last and then dying out. 
The elapsed time of the second race was : 
1st Leg. 2d Leg. 3d Leg. Total. 
Invader 10 26 13 05 19 10 42 41 
Beaver 11 41 34 00 21 25 47 06 
Canadian 12 33 15 08 25 00 52 41 
This satisfied the judges that Invader was the better boat 
in a six-raile breeze with no bucking necessary, so the 
contestants were towed back to their moorings in the 
harbor. There had not been enough wind for them to 
come out to the course or return from it, and the trial was 
of little use, for there would be little possibility of a 
Canada cup course being covered within the time limit 
under the circumstances. 
There was plenty of wind on the following day, Thurs- 
day. The yachts left their moorings in Toronto Bay with 
a ten-mile breeze from the eastward. Invader, leaving 
last of all, .took the precaution to tuck in her first reef. 
When the yachts reached the lake the breeze was not quite 
so fresh, but they had plenty of it in a few minutes. A 
white squall from the eastward commenced to make things 
livelv, and another from the north came along and did 
the same. The rain descended in cataracts, filling the 
bellies of the sails as the yachts lay over and completing 
the work of the spray in drenching the crews. The yachts 
dodged about the judges' boat, jibing and coming in stays, 
now and again dipping the clews of their mainsails in the 
heavy puffs. Canadian took in the first reef in her main- 
sail and dispensed with her jib. Beaver also reefed, which 
is a fair evidence that it was blowing. The two were now 
ready to race and lined up for instructions from the 
judges' boat, but Invader had either misunderstood the in- 
tentions of the others, or else found the weather outside 
too much for her. She had gone back to her moorings in 
the harbor. The others hovered about the island shore for 
some time, and then they too went into port. 
There was a breeze again from the eastward on Friday. 
The three contestants were at the starting buoy by 2 
o'clock, the crews all feeling confident of winning, from 
the way their craft had behaved on the preceding day.' It 
is very easy to imagine, when the lee deck is a foot under 
water and the foam is flying, that your boat is going faster 
than any other boat ever went. The three had kept 
away from one another in the squalls of the previous day, 
for it was blowing pretty fresh, with the land close 
aboard, the fog swirling about in banks and a small fleet 
of spectators to keep clear of. In this way there was no 
test of heavy weather speed, the_ boats not remaining to- 
gether for more than 2m. at a time. Consequently, each 
crew had a well-developed idea that they were going to 
impress the shape of their transom indelibly upon the 
minds of the others. 
Canadian took in a reef after reaching the lake — as much 
to rid her of her desire for weather helm as to keep her 
on her feet. Just as the preparatory gun was fired, how- 
ever, the wind lightened and the reef was shaken out, the 
boat going over the starting line with the crew sweating 
the throat and peak halyards. The three started well 
together on a three-mile beat to windward, the judges' 
boat leading the way. There wbs only one buoy in the 
course — the starting buoy. The instructions were to round 
the steamer and sail back to the start. 
The hopes that had been built on Invader's perform- 
ances on Wednesday were shattered. There was a good 
whole-sail breeze, with a fair easterly roll. Beaver at 
once edged ahead and to windward. Invader was pointing 
as high, but not fetching where she looked, or footing as 
fast. Canadian was driving along, dropping astern and 
to leeward, with her tiller a-weather all the time. When 
the fleet came about, on the starboard tack, she did slightly 
better, and footed as fast as Invader at times. Beaver 
reached the steamer, jibed over and squared away on the 
home run nearly a mile ahead of her. Invader was a 
poor second when she rounded the steamer, being nearly 
3m. behind Beaver. She was very quick in setting her 
spinaker, however, and at once began to retrieve her loss. 
Her balloon canvas was set in a minute and a half. Beaver 
took double the time. Canadian did not set her spinaker 
until Sm. after rounding the steamer. The judges' boat: 
had moved up to meet her slightly. Canadian's spinaker 
was only set as an experiment, but the recocds show that: 
the experiment was a successful one. With one man ont 
the spinaker boom and another on the main boom, she tore: 
through the seas, making a clean entrance and leaving a- 
remarkably clear cut wake, although by no means easy 
to steer. Her elapsed time on the run was 29m. and Sos., 
according to the figures given out. Invader took 33m. and 
5s., and Beaver took 34m. and 30s. The gains on the 
run were not suffici&nt/to make up for the losses on tTie 
(beat. Beaver won by 2m. and los. from Invader, and by 
8m. from Canadian. At the turn outside she had a lead of 
3m. and 45s. and 12m. and 40s. over the two respectively. 
The time of the race was : 
Start. Turn. Finish. Elapsed. 
Beaver 2 25 10 3 15 55 3 50 25 1 25 15 
Invader , 2 25 53 3 19 30 3.52 ^5 1 26 d2 
Canadian 2 25 35 3 28 35 3 58 25 1 32 50 
At the completion of this, the third race in the series, the 
breeze freshened considerably. Canadian reefed, dowsed 
her jib and then reefed again. The judges paid little 
attention to her and started the other two contestants^ 
off on a beat to windward by themselves after the skippers 
had exchanged places, Mr. H. C. McLeod, of Minota' 
fame, taking the tiller in Beaver this time, while Mr. 
.^^milius Jarvis took charge of Invader. It was a neat 
task to carry the skippers from, one craft to the other 
with no dinghy handy, but Mr. J. Wilson Morse's sailing 
skiff Madge did the trick successfully. The race was 
first delayed by the parting of Beaver's jib traveler. This 
was remedied, and the contestants were sent off. Beaver 
traveled at a great pace in the freshening breeze and had 
Invader well beaten within 15m. after the start. But ai 
second accident happened, and the race had to be calledl 
off. Beaver's port spreader buckled, crippling her as far 
as a beat to windward was concerned. She came in stays 
and filled away on the starboard tack. She was able to 
make the piers on this leg and stood on in. Canadian 
having snugged down to a double-reefed mainsail and 
staysail, followed her on into the harbor. Invader also 
sailed in, reefed down in the shelter of the piers, and 
went out into the lake again for a test in a stiff breeze. 
After much consultation, the judges made the following 
announcement : 
"We, the judges of the trial races', have decided that 
the Hamilton boat is not a factor in the trials, and that 
more races must be held between Beaver and Invader be- 
fore the choice is made. The judges will endeavor to 
secure a regular crew for each boat, and the next race 
will be on Monday or Tuesday, if there is any wind. The 
judges must have at least an eight-mile breeze before 
going out." 
More than one follower of the races thought that it was 
about time that something was said about crews. The 
trial races are important, but there was far more laxity 
about them, in the matter of crews, than there would be 
in an ordinary club race. The Canada cup regulations 
permit of a crew of six men, including one professional. 
Canadian was the only boat that had an entirely Cor- 
inthian crew. At one time there were three professionals 
in Invader, and one of them was sailing her. The regula- 
tions as to the number of the crew were observed more 
carefully by Beaver than by the others. 
Com. Gooderham, who was daily sailing Invader ever 
since her launch, only sailed her in the first trial races. He 
has not yet made an announcement regarding his inten- 
tions, but it is understood that he may not sail the chal- 
lenger in the final races at Chicago, even if Invader should 
be selected. If Mr. .-Emilius Jarvis can find time for the 
enormous amount of work devolving upon a skipper of a 
cup challenger, he may be prevailed upon to sail the craft. 
He is already widely known as a successful skipper in 
international contests, and has brought many cups to the 
Canadian shore. He is the best man the Royal Canadians 
have in sig'.it, although it is by no means certain that he 
will be at the tiller of the challenger. 
The prospects for the Canadians regaining the cup are 
not brilliant. Invader's performances have shown her to 
be the superior of Minota, but not by a large margin. 
Minota's performances this year have shown her to be 
inferior to Illinois at any rate. Invader does not appear 
to be able to spare Minota very much. The latter craft 
Avould have beaten Canadian by a narrow margin in the 
trial races so far. There would be little use in sending 
Beaver to Chicago, because her only hope would be in a 
blow. The Canadians' only chance appears to be in in- 
creasing Invader's balloon canvas sufficiently to enable her 
to make up in running what she loses in beating. Both 
her spinaker and balloen jib are small, owing to her meas- 
urement saving device in hoisting them. They do not 
go up to the truck. On a reach, no matter what the 
weather conditions. Invader could probably get away from 
Beaver, Charles H. Snidek. 
Shelter Island Y. C* 
SHELTER ISLAND — GARDINER's BAY. 
Thursday, July 4. 
The first of the series of five races given by the Shelter 
Island Y. C. was sailed over the new fifteen-mlie course 
in Gardiner's Bay on Thursday, July 4. The yachts that 
sailed in class S, for Rear-Com. Loehr's cup, were F. M. 
Smith's sloop. Effort, which made three points; Mira, 
Charles Lane Poor, two points, and Hebe, A. C, Baucker. 
one point. In class N, for Com. Poor's cup, were F. M, 
Smith's New Marion, three points ; M. B. Fuller's Helen, 
two points, and H. L. Coe's Martha, one point. 
Sunday, July 7. 
The second of five races of the Shelter Island Y. C, to 
be sailed in Gardiner's Bay, in which each yacht is ac- 
credited a point for entrance and a point for each yacht 
she defeated in her class, was sailed on Sunday, July 7, in 
a good whole-sail breeze from the eastward. The course 
was seven miles to windward and return, and the prizes 
cups offered by the Commodore and Vice-Commodore 
The result of the race shows the standing to date of 
the cornpetitors to be as follows; Hebe, class L. three 
points ; Effort, class L, two points ; Mira, class L, one 
point; Martha, class N, two points; Marion, class N, three 
points. Helen, of class N, did not finish. 
