64 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[Jtjly 20. igoi. 
Small Yacht Construction and 
Rigging. 
BY LINTON HOPE. 
Chapter VIII. -Laying the Deck, Coamings, Etc. (Continued). 
The cabin top on No. 2 design looks a formidable undertaking 
lor an amateur, but it is not nearly so bad as it looks. A mould 
should be mad^-^ at the after end, similar to those used in building 
rhe boat, and from this mould a fore and aft center mould must 
be fixed for the whole length of the cabin-top, and it must be of 
the same shape as that shown in the sheer plan. When these 
two moulds are- in place, two intermediate moulds must be made, 
jiaving a similar curve to the after mould, but flatter as the center 
1 
0^ 
SMAPeo 
h 
CO«Vf R 
3 
heights- get less at each mould as thev approach the forward 
end. The simplest way to get the proper curve for all the cross 
moulds IS to make all of them semi-ellipses; taking the width 
across the cabin top at eacli mould, as the major axis of that 
particular ellipse, and the height at the center above the sides 
as half the minor axis. Then draw the curve of the ellipse in 
the following manner- Draw the major axis on a suitable piece 
of wood, and the minor axis through its center and at right 
Hfr<IL 
wiTH Tunce ftAtt,9 sr^mCf 
angles to it; then, with half the major axis as raditis, and one 
end of the minor axis as center, describe an arc of a circle, cut- 
ting the major axis into points, which are called foci, Now drive 
three small nails into the board, one at each focus, and one at 
one end of the minor axis. Tie a piece of string tightly round 
the three nails and then withdraw the nail at the end of the minor 
axis. By placing a pencil inside the string, and running it 
round at the full stretch of the string, an ellipse will be drawn, 
nioui~o It. ^ 
beams and moulds are kept low enough to allow for the thickness 
of the planking at the sides and end, otherwise you will have the 
planking projecting beyond the sides. 
Plank over the beams with narrow %in. spruce or cedar, work- 
ing an Vsin. bead on one edge of each plank to show underneath. 
As soon as the planking is on and fastened, cut away the moulds 
and battens then fit fore and aft carlines of twice the siding and 
moulding of the beams at the sides of the hatchway, letting them 
over the beams, and through fasting them. The after ends of 
the planks will have been fastened to the after bulkhead at each 
side of the hatchway and the ends sawn off flush. The hatchway 
con now be sawn out to the carlines and after side of the stout 
beam, and the inside cleaned off. 
I should have stated that the after bulkhead is cut off to the 
shape of the after mould, before the planking or battens are 
put on. 
The cabin top will be cleaned off, stopped, and painted; and 
the calico stretched over it and painted, in the same way as the 
deck of No. 1 boat was done; a moulding being nailed over the 
calico at the joint between the top and sides, and the inside of 
the hatchway, lined with teak to match the slide. 
Teak runners must be screwed over the calico at each side of 
the hatchway, and they should have brass plates on the top as 
shown in the sectional sketch; they should extend the whole 
length of the cabin top, to form hand rails; but the runner plates 
should only go far enough forward to let the slide open to the 
full extent of the hatchway. 
A band of half-round brass, or galvanized iron, lin. wide and 
%in. thick, should be worked from the deck beam, up the inside 
of the sides, along the under side of the stout hatchway beam, 
and down the other side to the deck beam again. This band 
must be well screwed from the inside to deck beams, carlines. 
cabin top, and sides, and to the hatchway beam, and it will then 
tie the whole structure firmly together. 
Where an oval hatchway is required the hole must be framed 
in the same way as the fore-end of the opening in the deck for 
the cabin top, and coamings must be steamed to the curve and 
scarphed. They should be in two thicknesses with the joints on 
opposite sides, and the inner thickness should stand lin. above 
the outer thickness to form a rabbet for the hatch to fit over. 
The rim of the hatch is shaped out of the solid in four pieces, 
and screwed to the under side of the hatch. A small strip of brass 
on the top of the inner thickness of the hatch coaming and a 
similar strip on the under side of the rim of the hatch will keep 
everything in place, and makes a neat finish. 
Answers to Correspondents. 
I have been asked by the editor to reply to the numerous letters 
on these articles which have been received from readers in various 
parts of the country, and as there are too many of them for a 
separate reply to each, I will try and answer the main points 
only. 
H. E. K. — Yellow pine, Oregon pine and red pine are all 
suitable woods for planking. Yellow pine is very light, but is 
not much lighter than cedar, and is not so durable, while it is 
more difficult to get in long lengths. It is very suitable for 
dinghies, etc., but is verj' soft. Oregon pine is an excellent 
wood for planking if it is to be used of not less than lin. in thick- 
ness, but when cut thin it is liable to split. Red pine, like Oregon 
pine, is rather liable to split when thin, and is inferior to it in 
many ways. Both these woods show the seams badly if not very 
well seasoned, and they shrink and swell a great deal. Larch is 
very good for planking when it can be obtained fairly large and 
clear of bad knots, but it is difficult to get hold of in mojt places. 
It is exceedinglj' tough and durable. 
S. P. (Glasgow). — As I said in answer to a previous query, the 
No. 1 design could be fitted with a bulb fin, and should do very 
well, especially if care is taken to get an equally effective area of 
fin and the center of lateral resistance is not altered. 
Table of Offsets, Etc. — A complete specification and table of 
offsets for each boat will be published shortly. 
Linton Hope. 
The Scawanhaka Corinthian Cup Boats. 
The small yacht Grey Friar, with which Mr. Lorne 
Currie hopes to carry the Seawaiihaka cup into English 
waters, arrived at Montreal aboard the Allan liner Aus- 
tralasian on July 8. The boat was in good condition, and 
oecK 
CABiN -TOP /r^ rRAf^e, 
passing through the ends of the two axes. The diagram, will 
show how this is done, but is much simpler to do than to de- 
scribe, and is very useful for many other purposes. 
Having got the- moulds in place, as shown in the accompany- 
ing sketch, bend three or four battens over the moulds, and fasten 
their ends to (he after mould and the fore end of the cabin top. 
By means of these moiilds and battens you have now got a 
frame work similar to that on which the boat was built, and the 
MATCH eoAfiiMa 
oven Ja»iV 
SECT /ON or 
CABIN 'TOP 
i-eat of the work is canicd out in a similar manner, .sleaming and 
bending the beams in.side the battens, and letting their ends into 
the top of the side pieces. When bending m the beams, cut 
rough holes through the central fore and aft mould to let them 
down to their proper places below the ribbands; also put in a 
stout beam, of twice the sectional area of the others at the end 
of the hatchway: but let the rest of the beams run right across 
{.}l6 opening, and planH oyef it, Be careful that the tops of thf 
ito time was lost in putting her overboard, where she was 
taken in tow by the Royal St. Lawrence Y. C.'s launch 
for the trip up the Lachine Canal to Dorval, the club 
station, where she will fit out. With the boat came Mr. 
Maudsley, helmsman; Mr. Fletcher, jib-sheet man, and a 
I^aid hand. The owner, Mr. Currie, sailed froni Liverpool 
by the Oceanic on July lo, and was accompanied by Mr. 
Pike, another of the crew, and Dr. Ward-Humphreys, 
who will represent the Island Sailing Club and 
act as one of the judges. The representative of 
the defending club will be Mr. W. Q. Phillips, of the 
R. C. Y. C, Toronto. Mr. W. P. Stephens, of New 
York, has been unanimously selected as referee or third 
judge. The first race will take place on July 24, and 
there will be five, if necessary, the winner of three taking 
the cup. 
Grey Friar is 47ft. over all, 8ft. beam and carries 498 
sq. ft. of canvas. Her waterline is stated to be 25ft. 6in., 
which would enable her to increase her sail area, if neces- 
sary, and still be well within the 2Sft. limit. She was 
built by Stevens Bros., Southampton, and was selected as 
the best all-round boat. 
At the time of writing there is a strong probability 
that the defense will be undertaken by Red Coat, last 
year's winner, as she has made the best showing in the 
trial races. Great difficulty has been experienced in get- 
ting this year's boats into good racing form, the sails espe- 
t ially giving a lot of trouble. 
It has been decided thai the first of the races for the 
Seawanhaka Corinthian cup shall be sailed on July 25, in- 
stead of 24, as previously announced. 
The steam yacht Theresa, owned by Mr. G. Sidenberg, 
has been chartered through the agency of Mr. Frank 
Bowne Jones to Mr, Is^ac W, Jeane?, Corinthian Y. Q.- 
Newport Y. R. A. 
\ 
Constitution, Columbia and Independence. 
Wednesday, July 10. 
Owing to very little breeze and a great deal of fog, the 
race that was to be sailed between Constitution, Columbia 
and Independence on July 10 was abandoned, as the boats 
were unable to finish within the time limit. Tkis race 
was to be a windward leg of fifteen miles and a run of 
fifteen miles, making a total of thirty miles. The prepara- 
tory signal was given at 12:45, and the boats were sent 
away at 12 :55. There was very little strength to the 
southerly breeze that was blowing, but the sea was very 
smooth. Constitution crossed first with Columbia a little 
astern, but to windward, and Independence was to lee- 
ward of both. Several tacks were made in the first few 
minutes' sailing, but it took Constitution only a short 
time to work out into the weather berth and gain a 
substantial lead. About i :30 the fog began to roll in 
from seaward in great banks, and shortly all three boats 
were obscured. 
Just after 2 o'clock Constitution was withdrawn from 
the race, as it was not thought to be advisable to continue 
in the thick fog when there was a possibility of an acci- 
dent. Columbia and Independence kept on, the former 
rounding the weather mark at 3 ".59 :30 and Independence 
followed at 4:32:30. The wind petered out soon after 
Independence rounded and there was little air left. Every- 
thing possible was done on Cokimbia to finish within 
the time limit of six hours, but it was impossible to do 
so. and as the fog was banking up again, both Columbia 
and Independence were taken in tow back to their moor- 
ings. Henry Johnson, a bowsprit end man, was knocked 
overboard by the parting of the tow line on Independence. 
He had presence of mind enough to grab hold of a bobstay 
and was soon brought on board. Dr. John Bryant, who 
was aboard Independence, attended the man and found 
him badly injured. The man was removed to a hospital in 
Newport, where it was found that he was seriously, but 
not fatally, Jnjured. 
Thursday, July 11. 
Independence's poor showing since her arrival' at New- 
port has greatly surprised the yachtsmen who had sailed 
on her previously, and in the race on July 11 she showed 
that she has some speed, for she sailed a pretty race with 
Constit\ition and Columbia. When Independence's crew 
get into better shape and the boat is balanced to her de- 
signer's satisfaction, we believe she will give a good 
account of herself, and give her competitors some close 
racing in any weather. As the race of July 10 was not 
finished within the time limit, it was postponed until July 
II, Avhen it was sailed over the same course as the day 
previous — that is, fifteen miles to windward and return. 
The weather conditions were slightly better than on the 
day previous ; about 10 o'clock a southwest breeze and 
the sun combined to dry up the fog that was still hanging 
around. 
The start was made from Brenton's Reef Light- 
ship, and the mark laid was S.S.W. The wind 
was from the S.S.W., and blowing about seven 
knots, and tTiere was a long swell coming in from' the 
S. The preparatory signal was given at 12:20. Inde- 
pendence crossed a "few seconds after the starting signal, 
with Columbia on her weather and Constitution to weather 
of Columbia. Both the HcrreshofT boats set their jib top- 
sails, but Independence did not use hers on the beat out. 
Capt. Haff held his boat on the starboard tack, while Con- 
stitution and Columbia held the port tack, standing to- 
ward the Narragansett shore. When Independence was 
well on her opponents' weather she also came about and 
followed them. Hafif made several tacks inshore, where 
he avoided the tide and forced Constitution and Columbia 
about when they drew together. Independence had both 
her rivals now under her lee. Independence presented a 
different shaped bow when she was heeled down and made 
good weather of the long sea. Columbia gradually drew 
ahead on Independence and made better weather than 
either of her rivals. The times at the windward mark 
follow : 
Start. Turn. Elapsed. 
folumbia 12 25 21 2 56 2B 2 31 05 
Constitution , 12 25 43 3 01 23 2 35 40 
Independence 12 25 08 3 01 21 2 36 13 
Columbia beat Constitution 4ra. and 3Ss. and Independ 
ence 5m. and 8s. Constitution beat Independence 33s. _ 
Columbia broke out her spinaker 2m. after rounding 
the mark. Independence made a sharp turn around the 
mark after again besting Constitution, and had her spin- 
aker set im. after rounding. After Constitution had 
rounded and set her spinaker all three boats set ballooners. 
Constitution sailed fast on the run home, but could not 
overtake Columbia. The times on the run home were ; 
Outer Mark. Finish. Elapsed. 
Columbia 2 56 26 4 55 00 1 58 34 
Constitution 3 01 23 4 5S 42 1 57 19 
Independence 3 01 21 5 01 05 1 .59 44 
Constitution beat Columbia im. and 15s. and Independ 
ence 2m. and 25s. Columbia beat Independence im. 
and los. 
The summary of the race follows: 
Start. Finish. Elapsed. Corrected. 
Columbia 12 25 21 4 55 00 4 29 39 4 28 22 
Constitution 12 25 43 4 58 42 4 32 59 4 32 59 
Independence 12 25 08 5 01 05 4 35 57 4 35 14 
Columbia beat Constitution 4m. and 37s._ and Inde- 
pendence 6m. S2S. corrected time. Constitution beat In- 
dependence 2m. and iss. 
It was a fine race, and in justice to Mr. Crowninshield 
the reports that his first big yacht was a failure should 
be emphatically denied, for she made a wonderful show- 
ing. Independence is leaking slightly, and when she goes 
in dry dock again this can be remedied. Undoubtedly 
this has had something to do with the poor showing she 
has made in the earlier races. 
Friday, July 12. 
Tlie race thai fudependence sailed on July 12, the last 
day of the racing under the auspices of the Newport 
Y. R. A., in a strong breeze and with topmast gone and 
badly crippled, surprised the croakers that had called that 
boat a failure. Sh^ is now pretty generally acknowledged 
to be a lormi^able cornpetitQr for ho^M Colombia 2,-^^ 
