Aug. 24, igoi.] 
than any other source, and consequently has given enter- 
tainment and life to many thousands of visitors, sports- 
men and invalids. 
San Ffancisco Fly-Casting CIttb. 
Medai/ contests, series 1901, Saturday, contest No. 9, 
held at Stow Lake, Aug. 10. Wind, light west; weather, 
warm and foggy: 
Event Event Event 
■ No. 1, No. 2, No. 4, 
Uistance, Accuracy, , Event No. S.^ > Lure 
Feet. Per cent. Acc. % Del. % Net % CastmgS 
Battu 87 91 91.2 77.6 84.4 88 1-15 
Biooks 108 93 87.8 79.2 83.5 .- 
Biotherton ... 119 92.4 93 83.4 88.'2 93 1-15 
Everett 119 95.4 90.4 85 87.2 .. 
Grant 109 89.8 87.8 77.6 82.7 78 2-15 
Golcher 130.6 90.4 90.4 77.6 83.11 88 4-1.5 
Mansfield 88.8 92.8 • 84.2 88.5 90 2-15 
MviUen 100 92.8 81.4 78.4 79.10 
Smyth 91.4 92.8 82.6 87.7 .. 
Young_ 90 90 93 80 S6.5 64 1-15 
Judges, Mansfield and Golcher; referee, MuUer; clerk, 
Smyth. 
Sunday, contest No. g, held at Stow Lake, Aug. li. 
Wind, south, southwest; weather, warm: 
BaUu 89 92. S 88 75 81.6 49 1-15 
Brooks 102 92.4 87.8 71.8 79.8 
Blade 86 83.4 76.4 70 73.2 .. ^ 
Brotlierlon ... 130 89.8 88 77.6 82.9 94 12-15 
Diivefkosen .. 105 94.4 84.8 77.6 81.1 
Everett 118.6 95 95 76.8 8G.10 
Foulks 111.6 93.8 84.8 77.6 81.1 
Grant 105 89.4 &6.S 76.8 81.8 ■■ 
Cnlcher 129 87.8 90 79.2 S4.7 78 13-15 
ITuyck 98 92.4 88.4 73.4 80.10 
B Kenniff 113 88.4 88.4 72.6 80.5 94 2-15 
Kierulff 81 88.8 80.4 65.10 73.1 
Mansfield 94.8 93.4 83.4 88.4 91 10-15 
Mvller 107 91 78 76.8 77.4 
C R Keimiff.. 107 88.4 90 75 82.6 
Smyth 91 88.8 80 84.4 
Young ....... 97 92.4 93 70 81.6 
Judges, MuUer and Young; referee, Mansfield. 
The Potomac Fishing:. 
RoMNEV. W. Va., Aug. i6. — Editor Forest and Stream: 
I will endeavor to write you a few items on our summer 
fishing, which has had more than the usual number of 
fishermen. The South Branch remained muddy the 
most of the summer, but as soon as it cleared crowds of 
campers appeared on the river; but I do not think they 
have caught very many fish, although I have seen three 
or four 4-pound bass taken close to town by local an- 
*glers. -I think that the carp and the fish pots, tie rafts, so 
many fishing and the two tanneries soon to be in opera- 
tion on the South Branch have sounded the death knell of 
bass fishing on the historic South Branch of the Potomac. 
Your correspondent was an applicant for the position of 
deputy game and fish warden for this county, but as he 
luiderstands some toughs from Keyser, who were over 
here violating the law last fall by running deer with 
hotmds, and whom he tried to get punished for the 
same, have petitioned the State warden not to appoint 
him, he supposes he will not be appointed. We will have 
lots of quail shooting here this fall. Squirrels are scarce; 
pheasants are plentiful; deer and wild turkeys are only 
fair; rabbits are thick. Jim Burr Brady. 
Newfound Lake* 
NEWFOtlND Lake, Bristol, N. H., Aug. 17. — This lake 
is noted for the number of large trout annually taken 
from its waters. This year is no exception, as quite a 
.supply of good-sized trout has been taken by the expert 
anglers who are summering here. One of the most per- 
severing and enthusiastic fishermen is Willard H. Poole, 
of Fali River. While trolling from a canoe alone he 
netted a 3^4-pound salmon, a 4-pound trout and a 10- 
pound trout, the last giving him quite a fight for two 
hours before passing into the net. Dr. C. C. Rothfuchs, 
of Boston, secured an 8-pound trout. W. B. Hawes, of 
Fall River, paying a visit of a day and a half to friends 
here, took the half-day to go afishing, and ran up against 
a i3y2-pound trout that gave him a self-satisfied feeling 
after dinner the next day. O. E. Berry and J. N. Moshier 
are high line on trout this year, they taking a 17-pound 
trout, which heads the list of large trout for 1901. 
The prospect for- deer hunting is good, qtiite a number 
having been seen near the farmhouses and on the shores 
of the lake. Partridges have done well this summer, and 
promise good sport to the man with the gun. S. H. 
Lotiisiana Bayotts. 
A bright August found the writef on the charming 
banks of the Courtableau on a trip to the neighboring 
lakes and swamp islands to look out for the so much 
talked of plovers, odd and strange dressed water birds 
with long loose wings which for that reason are called also 
flap wings, inhabiting the favored regions, which I shall 
now describe. Not far away from my course I noticed 
Bayou Fusilier. It is a small stream not more than 
-four miles in length, and would not merit our attention 
in a system of geography, if it did not form a Urnit be- 
tween the grand and magnificent domains of Louisiana, 
Opelousas and Attakapas. Bayou Fusilier is further illus- 
trative in showing how near the country at this poiiit 
approaches the real curve of a sphere. The water, as if 
balanced, seems scarcely able to determine its course. 
This Bayou Fusilier must not be confounded with an- 
other bearing the same name. Both bayous are indebted 
for their name to the self-same person. The Eastern 
Fusilier is in reality a stream of much greater importance 
than the one mentioned in the beginning of this article. 
There is a mysterious influence at work in the regions 
of the Courtableau and Fusilier, which seems to gather the 
swamp fogs up and hold them suspended above and 
around the little lakes and petty bayous, shutting them 
in completely, so that all about the atmosphere is dark. 
When I approached, meditating about this phenomenon. I 
found myself suddenly in its densest vapors. A little 
later in the season large flocks of "golden plovers" 
alighted on the banks of the _ Courtableau and made It 
lively for the grasshoppers, their rich food, which now in 
great terror rose before me in clouds at every step, and 
scattered away in uncertain flight before the wind. 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
A brisk walk found me on the borders of a fresh-water 
lake. The bottom was covered with a growth of aquabc 
vegetation, which seems as though it might harbor suffi- 
cient insect and reptile life to feed thousands of plovers, 
while in the shallow water lilies grow in profusion, their 
.dark green leaves crowding each other upon the sur- 
face, leaving only scant room for the snow-white petals 
to shoot up and unfold themselves for the voracious 
plovers, hunting in the deep and wide nectaries for in- 
sects and snails. . ■ . 
It has been observed, when speaking of the Courtableau, 
that it flows diagonally over an inclined plane. When 
the spring floods have filled the swamps with water, and 
when the Courtableau becomes replenished beyond the 
capacity of retention, it is, though on a smaller scale, 
similar to the Atchafalaya, its redundancy being carried 
off by an indefinite number of outlets from the right bank, 
that mostly lose themselves in the waste of the woods. 
Some narrow outlets which, having their efflux from the 
Courtableau, about two miles below the Derbane, pursues 
a southern course about twelve miles in its windings, and 
approaching the prairie Grand Chevreuil within a short 
distance, turns each toward the Atchafalaya, and finally 
loses itself in the intermixture of lakes that enchain that 
river on the west side. When the Fusilier assumes its 
eastern course from prairie Grand Chevreuil, it meanders 
and becomes still more serpentine. Not a single spot on 
the bank of this bayou can be rendered secure from the 
annual overflow of the swamps by the Atchafalaya, and it 
is a lasting monument of a revolution in the range_ of 
waters through this region. It would be not only im- 
probable, but impossible, that water could, in the present 
state in the country, form a determinate course in this 
place. At the elevation of the spring floods the swamps 
are entirely filled with water, and all the small bayous 
are lost in the universal inundation. — The Times-Demo- 
crat. 
149 
he Mmmt 
Fixiares. 
Sept 2-5.— Toronto, Can.— Dog show of the Toronto Industrial 
E.xhibition. W. P. Eraser, Sec'y. and Supt. 
Training the Hunting Dog. 
By B. Waters^ Author of "Fetch and Carry: A Treatise 
on Retrieving." 
XXII.— Field Trial Judging (Continued). 
Some men will have a better understanding of a dog's 
work in one season than some other men will have in a 
lifetime. The matter of brains and natural aptitude gov- 
erns in this case as it does in all other branches oi man's 
intelligent effort; therefore it is essential that a field trial 
judge have that somewhat uncommon quality called 
common sense. 
The average man who has not been schooled to con- 
centration bv habit, finds great difficulty in concentrating 
his thoughts on one subpect for a prolonged period of 
time; indeed, without a prior schooling many men can- 
not do so, and some cannot do so longer that a few 
moments at a time. Men who are mentally indolent or 
incapable of concentration of mind are not of the mate- 
rial for good judges. 
The field trial judge must keep his eye and mind on 
the dog's work incessantly. Unless he sees the work 
done, he knows nothing about it. If he sees two dogs, 
one on point, the other on back, after they are estab- 
lished, he does not know but what the pointing dog 
may have stolen the point from the dog which is appar- 
ently backing. As for errors, if the judge's eye is off 
the "dogs, they may be made and the negligent judge 
will never of his own knowledge know that they ever 
happened. 
The good judge must constantly make mental compari- 
sons of the industry, range, bird sense, judgment, inde- 
pendence of action, accuracy, quickness, honest work to 
the gun, etc., free from crafty coaching by his handler 
and jealous rivalry of his competitor; therefore to master 
all the details of 'the competition he must have a good 
inemoiy. All this, added to planning the course for 
each heat and directing the rendezvous for the wagons 
at the end of each heat, is quite sufficient to keep his 
mind occupied within and his attention engaged without. 
Thus it will be noted that a field trial is a much more 
ponderoufe affair to handle than is one or two dogs in 
actual field work. 
In laying out a course for a heat, reference to giving 
the dogs a good consecutive run and reference to good 
courses for the other dogs should be considered. 
Field trial clubs, as a rule, rent their grounds _ and 
within such territory they have all the needed rights 
and factors for giving the dogs the required competitive 
tests. The grounds vary greatly in character. In parts 
the birds are in generous abundance; in others there 
may be none at all. Some parts may be all cover, or 
mixed open and cover, or open entirely. Creeks, wire 
fences, swamps, steep hills, etc., are also_ circumstances 
which may require consideration. It is readily per- 
ceived that if the grounds are worked irregularly back 
and forth without any fixed plans, or that if the choice 
parts are worked out first, then the dogs which run in 
the subsequent heats would work on ground already 
more or less worked out or they would have to work on 
the poorest remaining ground. The judge, therefore, 
must approximately apportion his ground so that each 
brace will have a trial on unworked ground, dividing 
the choice and poor parts as equitably as may be, so that 
each brace will have chances as near alike as intelligent 
planning can devise. If one dog finds and points a dozen 
bevies in a certain course, and another dog, working 
equally as well in another course, finds no birds because 
there are none in it to find, the former would likely 
receive the approval of the green judge, who has yet to 
learn the value of opportunity or its absence. The trained 
judge has all such considerations in mind. 
The next greatest alfiiction in comparison Avith the 
judge Avho is frantically intent on being everywhere at 
the same time, right or wrong, is the judge who ha§ no 
ideas in respect to going anywhere. He is weak and 
indecisive, the competition lags and weakens in conse- 
quence, because he does not know where to go nor 
what to do. 
Every few moments there is likely to be some matter 
submitted to him for a ruling, and, however good he may 
be in an actual day's shooting, if he is not competent 
as a judge he will be unable Lo conceal it. Indecision 
makes incompetency manifest, and the more incompetent 
he is the more ruling he will have to make, for error 
begets trouble and disorganization. Brave inipartiality 
and energy when judging imaginary field trials in a 
circle of friends by the fireside, and the same when 
confronted by men who are sternly in earnest in a real 
trial, have quite different aspects. 
The ready judgment of the irresponsible spectator who 
sees but little but whose conclusions are great, is many 
times at the judge's service if he will but listen to them. 
It is a mistake to discuss the competition with any on- 
looker, as it is a mistake, directly or indirectly, iri any 
way, to endeavor to explain apologetically any decision. 
If a contestant asks in good faith as to how his dog was 
beaten, it is quite proper to give him the needed infor- 
mation; however, the information being given, no argu- 
ment concerning it should be permitted. 
In taking dogs into the second and subsequent series, 
the judge should be careful to estimate their performance 
on its class rather than on a mere matter of detail alone. 
A dog which shows good class ability will repeat his 
good performance heat after heat, whereas the dog which, 
made some accidental good work, or good work from 
advantageous circumstance, may be entirely incapable 
of repeating it. A man who cannot 'discriminate as to 
class will never make an accurate and sound judge of 
field trial competition. Where class work is considered, 
the competition works to a natural and definite conclu- 
sion; when it is ignored, there may be the absurd specta- 
cle of a low class dog competing for first at the final of 
a stake, with dogs of much higher ability left otit of the 
competition. Nor should any dogs of inferior quality 
be taken into a series out of mere compliment to their 
owners. When a dog has shown himself inferior to 
other dogs, his part in the competition is determined and 
should be ended. To take an inferior dog into a series 
to which he is not entitled on his merits, perpetrates a 
wrong on the other competitors, however much of a 
compliment it may be to the owner. 
XXIII. — Kennel Management. 
The dog's sleeping quarters should be dry, clean, well 
ventilated and comfortable. He should have ample room 
in which to exercise, in default of which he should be 
given a good run night and morning each day. Ex- 
ercise is indispensable to his physical and mental well- 
being. 
Dogs should never be kept on chain. Old dogs fret 
and worry, and in time become more or less soured in 
temper. Young dogs, from standing in a set, strained 
- position at the length of the chain, frequently grow up 
out of shape; their elbows turn out, their faces are 
wrinkled and bear an anxious expression, and they become 
addicted to habitual worry and irritation. 
Cleanliness, good food, pure water, exercise and whole- 
some sleeping places are as necessary to the good health 
of the dog as they are to the good health of his master. 
Exercise, in fact, is more essential to the dog, for when 
he becomes fat his powers quickly degenerate. He then 
becomes indolent, deficient in stamina and predisposed to 
disease. With some dogs it is a matter of great diffi- 
culty to work off the fat, as they either will not or 
cannot work enough to reduce it other than by very slow 
degrees. 
The food of the dog is worthy of much greater con- 
sideration than is commonly given to it. The table scraps 
of some families make quite good food, while those of 
other families cease to be food at all for any animal. 
There is quite a remove between scraps of good beef, 
bread, vegetables, etc., on the one hand, and potato skins 
on the other; that is to say, table scraps, to be of food 
value, must have food constituents. Sheeps' heads, tripe, 
mutton, beef, roasted rare or boiled with cabbage; tur- 
nips and onions, etc., make an excellent food. Corn- 
meal or any other purely vegetable food is unfit for the 
dog. Fle will live a shorter time, grow old younger and 
cease to be a working dog at an earlier age than he will 
on any other diet. The dog is carnivorous, and therefore 
he needs a meat diet. The ill effect of the latter, when 
such there is, is not from the meat diet of itself, but 
from over-feeding. In a state of nature the dog gets his 
meals at uncertain times, perhaps days apart. Once a 
day is quite often enough ' to feed him, yet the average 
dog owner is prone to judge of the dog's needs by his 
own, and therefore he feeds the dog three times a day 
with a few morsels, perhaps.between times. 
The dog's digestive organs are not adapted to the as- 
similation of a vegetable diet. On this point, the follow- 
ing, taken from a paper read before the New England 
Kennel Club, Boston, July, 1884, by Dr. J. Frank Billings, 
will be read with interest: "No matter in what way we 
look at it, the dog's ancestors were carnivorous, and the 
nature of their descendants has not changed in this re- 
gard, though, as in everything else, man has succeeded in 
changing it to a degree. Still, a carnivora he was, is and 
ever will be. He is not a masticator. He has not a 
grinding tooth in his head. He has nothing but biting and 
tearing teeth in the front, and crushers in the posterior 
part of his jaws. He takes no pleasure in eating as the 
chewers — ^i. e., the masticating animals — do. His is a 
feeling of emptiness, and when able he gulps his food, fills 
his stomach and, when he can do so, retires to a secluded 
spot to rest. It may be interpolated also that, in propor- 
tion to the size of the body, the canine family have the 
largest stomachs of any known species of animals. 
"Critical persons need not think we have any reference 
to the receptive stomach of the ruminants; we mean 
the digestive stomach. 
"The dog's natural food is meat, and, to. avoid giving 
them, a strong odor, Ave should cook it. Meal and starchy 
food is an abomination, and totally unfit for dogs, even 
the most delicate, though all the bigoted ignorance of all 
the dog men from time to eternity assert the contrary. 
The dog can live on the stuff, I admit, but it finds no 
organs for its preparation or digestion until it has passed 
through the stomach into the intestines. He has no 
grinders to prepare it in the mouth, and if he h.s4 he gulps 
