Sept. 7, 1901.] 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
197 
END$ OF BOOM 
PiTTgo WITH TUmrs/EtiS neBF GCAf^ 
CHfiEK SHC^yE AT e.NO op c»aff 
KtiO OF BOWSPRIT 
SECTION OFSMCCVE. HOL£ 8< CftANTX inoM 
end of the plug to lighten it if desired. A hole through all the 
webs of the joints down the center of the cane is_ supposed to 
prevent splitting; ■ but, while it is probable that it may often 
save a split, it is not proved to be a positive cure for the trouble. 
Keep bamboos in a cool, airy place, never bore holes in the 
shell of the cane if it can be helped, and do not attach any gear 
or fittings to them, except by bands or wire strops. 
The Canadian hollow spars are very neat, and nearly as light 
as bamboos of the same size, but not so strong weight for 
weight as a bamboo, tip to about 4 or Sin. diameter; their great 
advantage over bamboos is that they can be ordered of any 
shape, proportion or' size, while a bamboo can only be obtained 
of the stock sizes given above, and you must take it with what- 
ever *aper von can get. 
r.< ih bamboos and "hollow spars must be kept well varnished 
to avoid splitting, and this also applies in a less degree to all 
spars and woodwork. I should not advise the use of anything 
but solid grown Norway spars for cruising work, except for a 
jib-roller or a topsail yard; a bamboo makes the best jib-roller 
possible up to about 2'2ft. long, as it keeps its shape far better 
tiian any built or hollow-wood roller, and is stronger. The joints 
of bamboo rollers are generally knocked out with a long ^,4in. 
iron rod, through the end of which the roller wire is attached, and 
the whole affair passed through the cane from end to end. This 
should be done with the cane in a vertical position, if possible, 
as the weight of the rod will help to break through the joints, 
and it is more likely to go through the middle of the joint than 
it would be if the bamboo were horizontal. 
When choosing Norway spars pick those with tho smallest 
knots and finest grained bark; strip off some of the bark and 
see that the wood is a clean jrellow color. If it is a very dead 
white, the spar is usually wanting in toughness; but if the grain 
is very marked, and the color a dark reddish yellowy the spar, 
though probably strong and tough, is sure to be heavy; avoid 
bluish spars. 
All the spars should be picked as near the finished size as 
possible, so as to avoid waste, and also because the outer part 
of the spar is the toughest; select the straightest spars. 
Clean all the bark off the spar and set out the finished diame- 
ter on the butt end, as shown in the diagram. To do this, draw 
two diameters A-B and C-D at right angles to each other, cross- 
ing in a central point, X, as near the center of the rough spar 
as possible. With X as center describe a circle with a pair of 
compasses, of the same diameter as the spar is to be, at the larg- 
est part; say 3in., then draw two lines 5-5 and 6-G parallel to the 
diameter, A-B, and just touching the circumference of the circle. 
Draw two more lines. 7-7 and 8-S, parallel to the other diameter, 
C-D, and at right angles to the other lines. These four lines 
would, if the rough sp.nr were large enough, form a square exactly 
containing the required circle of the finished spar, but as the 
rough spar is chosen as nearly as possible the proper size, the 
corners of the square will be absent. 
To get the octagon shown as containin.g the circle, divide the 
diameter of the circle into seven equal parts, and draw the lines 
1-1 and 2-2, each 2-7 from the ends of the diameter A-B, and at 
right angles to it; and the lines 3-3 and 4-4, in a similar manner 
on the diameter C-D. The points where these four lines intersect 
the square first obtained will be the angles of the octagon. 
Both ends of all spars should be set out in the foregoing man- 
ner to their respective sizes, and a center line being marked on 
the cutside of the spar throughout its length. All the various 
diameter? should be set off, half on each side of this line, at their 
correct distances apart. A chalk line is then struck along the 
lines 5-5 and 6-6 from one end of the spar to the other, but of 
course at the various diameters for the different parts of the 
spar. 
The spar is now put in the saw mill, and the slabs outside the 
chalk lines cut off; or, if no saw mill is convenient, this may be 
done with a draw-knife. The spar is now roughly squared to 
the requisite sizes throughout its length, and the lines 1-1, 2-2, 
3-3 and 4-4 for the angles of the octagon must be set off for the 
whole length, the wood cut away with the draw-knife as before; 
then plane up all the eight faces and finish the rounding, first 
with a jack-plane, and finally with a hollow-soled, spar-maker's 
plane and glass-paper. The lower part of all masts which pass 
through the deck should be left octagonal in section, and must 
taper sharply to the step, as shown. 
The accompanying detail sketches show the various methods 
of fitting the ends of the different spars, with the exception of 
the roller and boom for' a roller jib, which will be illustrated 
fully in Part II., under the head of reef gears. . ^, , 
The drawing of a bowsprit end will be equally suitable for the 
head of the mast in No. 1 design, except that in such small 
boats there is no need for a crantz iron and shoe as well. _ 
Of the three patterns of gaff jaws, the iron . or steel saddle jaws 
are far the best, and can be obtained ready made. 
The sketch of the cheek sheeve in the end of the gaff will 
also apply to the method of fitting the hounds on the masthead 
in No. 1 design. . i. ^ -r ^ 
Turner's reef gear is shown on the boom ends, but it not re- 
quired a simple goose neck and cap at each end, of the same 
pattern, would answer very well. I wovdd strongly advise reef 
gear on all booms in small yachts. 
Note.— The following are the usual proportions of diameter to 
length for solid spars; but hollow spars and bamboos should be 
10 per cent, greater diameter than solid spars of the same length. 
Masts.— Length x .022 — diameter at deck. 
Diameter at hounds 10 per cent, less than at deck for pole 
masts, or equal diameters at deck and hounds for a lower mast 
carrying a topmast. , , , , tj 
Diameter at step 15 per cent, less than at deck; the step should 
be the largest square contained in the circle of the lower end of 
mast at that point. 
The d'-pth of step should be not less than half its diameter. 
Booms.— Length x .016 = diameter at sheet. For Turner's or 
other roller reef gear the boom should be as nearly parallel as 
possible. If a bamboo is used, the smaller end must be next to 
the mast. Ordinary booms taper from the sheet to 2-3 at fore 
end and % or 5-6 at the after end. 
Gaffs.— Length x .018 = diameter at mid length, tapering to 2-3 
at outer end and % at jaws. ^ t ' 
Bowsprits.— These vary very much, and no fixed ratio of diame- 
ter to length can be given. 
Spinnaker Booms.— Length x .015 — diameter in center, tapered 
to % at each end. 
Spinnaker Booms on Roller Foresails. — Length x .016 to .018 — 
diameter. 
Rollers for Headsails.— Length x .014 to .015 — diameter. 
Western Yachts. 
The Canada Cap. 
Chicago, 111., Aug. 29.— With one of the American in- 
ternational cups taken away, and with the other showing 
the screws somewhat loose about the base, these be parlous 
times for Yankee yachtsmen. We are on the challenging 
side of the game again in the Canada cup matter, and the 
question is whose challenge shall be accepted. Two days 
ago it was stated that the Rochester Y. C., of Rochester, 
N. Y., would have the call in the challenges, and would 
probably secure the privilege of building the challenging 
boat for next summer. The members of the Rochester 
Y. C. thought that Chicago had had her chance, and 
ought to make way for some one else. The feeling was 
declared to obtain at Toronto that Chicago would not be 
preferred over Rochester, and it was stated also that 
Detroit, having furnished the defender this year, ought 
to yield to Rochester for the next race. 
To-day, however, news is at hand which looks as 
though Chicago Y. C. might again be the lucky club. 
Com. Gooderham, of Toronto, is quoted as saying in so 
many works that the Rochester challenge would not be 
accepted. Chicago makes the claim that it originated the 
challenge cup, and hence ought to have a shade more con- 
sideration than any other city, and the Toronto men seem 
to feel that a race between Chicago and Toronto would 
be in some sense a bigger thing than the same race be- 
tween Rochester and the Canadian metropolis. Be these 
things as they may, the yachtsmen of this city are feeling 
at this writing just a trifle jubilant in the thought that 
they may get another chance at that cup. It is generally 
believed that, should Chicago Y. C. be successful in win- 
ning the honor, the same class — 3S-footers — would be 
favored, and that no trial boats would be admitted except 
those built by members of the Chicago Y. C. 
This latter decision is stated to be based upon the un- 
pleasantness which arose over some situations here this 
summer during the trial races. There would seem to be 
no possible groimd for this attitude upon the part of 
the Chicago Y. C. It is to be supposed that its members 
can treat with courtesy and fairness the owners of all 
other boats who may come here, and it is equally to be 
supposed that those owners will be equally gentlemanly 
and sportsmanlike.s There is always a little hot talk in 
any hot competition, but this sort of thing should carry no 
memories whatever. What we want is the best boat, sailed 
by the best man, and we will need both next year, if we 
are to get back the cup. Chicago ought to have the chal- 
lenge right if she can get it, and she gets almost any- 
thing she goes after. Then Chicago ought to throw her 
doors wide open again, and get the best boat that we can 
build in America. 
Minnezitka Wins Creep Lake Cop. 
The Green Lake cup, sailed for Aug. 24, on Lake 
Winnebago, Wis., was won by Minnezitka, the White 
Bear boat, which defeated Anita, the local boat, in a 
hot finish with bitt 35s. between the two. 
At the beginning of the race the wind was S;, hauling 
later to S.W., and on the last two legs it freshened into 
half a gale. Anita was over-canvassed for this going, and 
was knocked down more than once, losing considerable 
headway. Miimezitka was away at 3:10:14, Anita at 
3:10:32. The first leg was sailed close hauled, and An'ta 
handed the White Bear craft a beating on this work, turn- 
ing the first mark im. 3s. in the lead. The wind now 
freshened, and Minnezitka began to close in. The second 
leg was run under spinnaker, and the third sailed close 
hauled, thecourse being sailed twice about. Anita at the first 
circle of the course led by 30s. On the next leg Minne- 
zitka cut down the lead until Anita was only 5s. . ahead. 
Then, on the free run, Minnezitka broke out spinnaker and 
balloon jib, Anita going under spinnaker alone. Minne- 
zitka took the windward berth, and on the run home on 
the last leg beat Anita by 35s.. and carried home to St. 
Paul the handsome trophy. Her time over the twelve- 
mile course was ih. S3m. 153. Anita's time was ih. S3m. 
50s. ^ .: 
In the morning's races the same day for th6 Oshkosh 
Y. C. chest of silver, An'ta won without much trouble, 
the wind at that time being light. Skipper Davis handled 
Anita beautifully, and got her into the 'best of. the slants 
of air which ofi^ered, so that she finished 8m. 40s. ahead 
of the nearest competitor, Aderyn, of Pine Lake, Minne- 
zitka in this light-wind race being im. 21s. behind Aderyn. 
Back of Minnezitka was Highlander, 2'm. 33s. later. Caro- 
line, of Oshkosh, withdrew, as did Aspirant, of Peewau- 
kee, and Meteor, also of PeewarJcee Y. C. 
E. Hough. 
Hartford Building, Chicago, 111. 
