Oct. ig, igoi.1 
POTEST ANt) STREAM. 
SWING CANDLE-LAMP. 
See Chapter XIV. 
STOVE. 
See Chapter XIV. 
See Chapter XIII. 
has been stopped to allow of arrangements being made to 
supply the yacht with Parsons' turbine engines instead. 
If this idea "is carried ont, the yacht will be the only one 
of J:he kind afloat, 
^ ^ 
The auxiliary ketch Cero that was damaged by fire and 
sunk in Greenport Harbor, L. I., has been raised and will 
be repaired. The accident happened on the afternoon of 
Oct. ir, when the tanks containing the oil for the engine 
caught fire and an explosion followed. Two of the crew 
were blown into the water, and the other two jumped to 
avoid being burnt. The boat was flooded and allowed to 
sink to prevent her from being entirely destroyed. 
^ ^ 
Messrs. Huntington & Seaman have made the following 
sales through their agency: 
Schooner yacht Priscilla, Robert J. W. Koons, to F. R. 
Hoisington. both of Philadelphia, Pa. 
Knockabout Ruby, Geo. E. Edwards, of this city, to 
Chas. Longstreth, of Philadelphia, Pa. 
Alco-vapor launch Medea, Chas. A. Van Iderstine, of 
Long Island City, to Mr. Thomas Lindsay, of New 
Rochelle, N. 
Small Yacht Construction and 
Rigging. 
BY UNTON HOPE. 
Specification— No. 2 Design. 
Four Tons T. M. Fast Croiser of 24 Linear Rating. 
Ali. materials iised to be of best quality, and all timber to be 
sound, free from sap, and well seasoned. 
Dimensions. 
L.O.A 11.50 Draft 3.70 
L.W.L 22.50 Sail area 6I0.CW 
L.B.P. for tonnage 26.00 Displacement, tons 2.85 
Beam, extreme 6.00 \\'eight of lead keel, tons.. 1.2o 
Scantlings, Etc. 
Keel.— Moulded Sin. amidships, and as shown at scarph; sided 
S^i^in. amidships. 
Stem.— Moulded 2%in. at head; sided 2i/4in. at head. 
Sternpost.— Moulded at heel 6i^in., and at deck 2%m. ; sided 
IVjin. aft and 2in. on fore edge. 
Counterframe.— Moulded at inner end 2y2in., and at outer end 
2in.; sided at inner end S^^in., and at outer end Sin. 
Deadwood,— Moulded amidships 8%in.; sided to fit keel and 
sternpost. 
Archboard or Transom.— One inch thick, of shape shown, and 
steamed or sawn to curve. 
Timbers.-— One inch by lin. ; steamed; spaced 6V4in., center to 
center. 
I'-l.inrs. —Wrought iron; thickness at throat %in., and o-16m. at 
end' : width at throat lin.. and %in. at ends; spaced at the stations 
.shoMn on construction plan; the arms to run up to the bilge. 
Slielf.— 2%!n. by l%in., through-fastened at each timber. 
S' ringer.— Sin. by lin., through-fastened at each timber. 
iltiims. — Moulded 2in.. and sided lin.; main beams sided 2in. 
Cailines. — Moulded and sided 2in. : beams and carlines to be 
dox etailed to each other and into shelf. 
Breasthook.— Oak crooks, lin, by 2^^in. at throat, to lin. by 
•Yi'm. at ends; 9in. arms. 
Knees.— Oak crooks, %in. by 8,%in. at throat, to %in. by %in. at 
ends; one pair hanging knees at' main beam in wake of mast; one 
pair lodging knees at main beam in wake of mast; one pair 
lodging knees at quarters from shelf to archboard. 
Planking. — %in. cedar or kauri pine; all planking to be through- 
fastened on both edges,, at every timber and floor frame; widths 
not to exceed 6in., except at garboards; caulked with cotton and 
stopped. 
Deck. — %in. kauri pine in 2'.4in widths, tapered fore and aft; 
secret nailed and caulked with cotton and paved with Jeffrey's 
marine glue; the covering board and center plank to be 01 teak. 
Cockpit. — %in. teak sides and seats, with lockers under; %in. 
pine floor; sides and floor to be made watertight, and a drainpipe 
fitted in floor; the floor bearers to be of l%in. by 2in. white pine. 
Companion and Hatches. — To be in teak, carefully fatted and 
made watertight; all hinges and locks to be entirely of brass. 
Cabin Top.— To be of Vain, pine, with %in. by %m. bent timbers 
instead of beams, spaced as shown; the coamings to be of %in. 
teak; the whole of the arched top to be covered with painted 
canvas. . , , , . , , , 
Rudder and Trunk.— The rudder to be of oak, with a stem of 
li4in. galvanized steel tube, split below trunk to receive the oak 
mainpiece; a strap joint and heel bearing of gun metal of the 
usual form; the rudder trunk to be of kauri pine lin. thick, with a 
center piece l%in. thick. 
Tiller.— Wrought steel, of shape shown, %m. square, in section 
at rudder head, and fitted to it with a square, and a brass rudder 
cap nut; also an engraved deck plate forming a bearing. 
Lead Keel.— To be cast to shape shown, and to be fastened with 
Bull's metal bolts at stations show-n; the end bolts to be %in. 
diameter, and flie others ?4in. ; the bolts to pass through keel and 
wrought iron floors; any excess weight to be sawn off the ends, 
so as to keep tlie weight in the same fore and aft position. 
Main Cabin.— To be lined with %in. pine or cedar, and fitted as 
shown, with two sofa berths, with lockers under and .teak fronts: 
BtAKE S PATENT HOOK. JIB SHEET SHACKLE. 
See Chapter XIII. 
the doors to be framed in teak and fitted with hooks; a teak 
companion ladder and teak collapsible table to be provided; two 
swing candles to be fitted; floor of %in. white pine on IVi by 2in. 
bearers. 
W.C. — To consist of a moveable pail, with handles and a fixed 
seat frame, with lid of teak. 
Forecastle.— Entered by hinged door with hook from cabin; floor 
and lockers to be of %in. pine. 
Galley. — A double Primus stove with set of cooking utensils. 
Deck Fittings. — Binnacle to be fitted at fore-end of cockpit, with 
-Spirit compass; jib and mainsheet horses, fair leads, etc., at foot 
of mast; chain pipe, bollards, shroud plates and all usual iron 
v.(!rk on deck and on spars, to be fitted and of good quality. 
All usual sheet leads and cleats to be fitted as required, including 
a stout iron cable lead, on side of stem, as shown, and all neces- 
sary eyebolts, etc.; also four gunmetal warp leads, one on each 
bow and one on each quarter. 
Pump. — A brass flush deck pump and suction pipe, discharging 
into cockpit. 
Tank.— A galvanized iron water tank, to be fitted under floor 
with filling plug in deck, and brass draw-off pump or air pump. 
Lamps. — A set of side and anchor lamps in brass, with screens, 
to be fitted. 
Ground Tackle. — One 201b. Nicholson pattern anchor, galvanized; 
one 121b. Derigo pattern anchor, galvanized; 20-fathom, IViin. 
galvanized, close-link, steel chain (tested), with usual shackles 
and swivels; one 20-fathom, 1^4in. warp of hemp or manila. 
Spars. — A complete set to the dimensions given of clear, grown 
spars with the exception of gaff, roller, topsail yard and jacky- 
yard, which are of bamboo. 
Block. — A complete set of best ash blocks (patent sheaves to 
halliards and sheets). 
Standard Rigging.— Of best galvanized steel wire of suitable size, 
VARIOUS BLOCKS. 
See Chapter XIII. 
properly turned in and served with best quality rigging screws of 
gunmetal. 
Running Rigging. — Of best yacht manila, four-strand. 
Sails. — As shown on sail plan, of stout union silk. 
Fastenings.— All fastenings to be of copper, yellow metal or 
brass screws. 
Galvanizing. — All ironwork to be well galvanized, and of good 
quality. 
Painting. — The whole of the woodwork and spars to receive lour 
coats of best paint or yacht varnish, and to be properly .stopped 
and rubbed down after each coat. The bottom to be coated 
v/ith Blake's Algicide, copper color. A gold line, in a hollow 
moulding, to be worked round the vessel, below the covering 
board. 
Upholstery, Bedding, etc. — The sofas and backs in the main 
cabin to be properly upholstered in Pegamoid or Pantasote, and 
stuffed with Kapok. Two colored -blankets, pillows and bolsters 
to each berth. 
Part II.— Chapter I.— Rigging. 
Rope, Blocks, Etc., and Fitting Rigging. 
All rigging should be of the best quality obtainable; and it is 
very false economy to save a few sliillings by using second-rate 
rope or wire. The latter especially should be good, many a spar 
being lost through the breaking of bad wire. 
The best wire rope in the market will only cost a few shillings 
more for the whole outfit than the commonest rubbish. This 
difference in quality is especially noticeable in the hard steel 
wire known as plow steel, and used for all standing rigging. 
Messrs. Bullivant, of 72 Mark lane, E. C, are the first wire rope 
makers in the country, and their wire can usually be obtained 
from any good yach fitter, and if required in any quantity, direct 
from the makers. A good, flexible steel rope should be of very 
fine wire and nearly as soft to the touch as hemp rope of the 
same size. There should be no sharp ends when it is passed ' 
througli the fingers, and it should be bright and silky, flying back 
to its original shape immediately 011 being released after being 
bent. 
The plow steel should also regain its shape to some extent, but 
not so much as the flexible wire, and it should be very much 
stift'er, and composed of coarser wire. 
If the wire bends easily and stays in the shape to which it has 
been bent, it is usually iron, or very inferior steel, which is even 
worse than good iron. Never use copper wire rope for any pur- 
pose; it will stretch like India rubber and then break with very 
little weight. 
Phosphor bronze wire rope is excellent for centerplate tackles, 
as it is not affected by sea water; its strength is about 80 per cent, 
as compared with flexible steel, and its durability under water is 
infinitely greater, hut unfortunately it is not easily obtainable. 
The Phosphor Bronze Company, of 87 Sumner street, S. E., would 
no doubt supply the wire if a large quantity were required; but it 
is not yet in general use. 
All wire rope will last much longer if it is soaked in linseed 
oil or well varnished, and all splices should be thoroughly var- 
nished and parcelled with varnish calico before serving. 
Never take a wire rope over a small sheeve; the diameter of the 
sheeve for flexible wire should be at least ten times the diameter 
of the wire, while for plow steel the sheeve should be not less 
than fifteen times the diameter of tlie wire; even larger sheeves are 
better, but are usually made too wide in the score. 
In choosing running rigging, a soft, silky, manila should be 
selected, free from loose fibers and thick places in the strands. It 
should be a creamy white in color and have little or 110 spring in 
it. Four-strand rope is usually used for yacht work, as it is 
smaller in diameter for a given strength and therefore neater. It 
is also less liable to kink than three-strand. 
Hemp rope, except for bolt ropes of sails and warps, is seldom 
used on yachts, as it. is very hard, especially when wet. It 
should be picked with as fine a thread and as smooth as possible. 
Cotton rope is used a good deal in small boats for sheets, where 
they are often held in the hand instead of being belayed, as it is 
much softer than manila. Really good cotton rope is very hard to 
get, most of it being laid up badly, and either kinking when wet or 
getting too hard. Never get cable-laid cotton, as it is very hard 
and quite useless for sheets. It may be easily distinguished from 
the proper hawser-laid rope by the fact that in all cable-laid rope 
the strands are each of them a hawser-laid rope, and three of 
them are laid up together, forming one cable-laid rope. In the 
hawser-laid rope, used for all running rigging, the strands are 
composed of a number of threads or yarns and not- of regularly 
laid up smaller strands. When splicing cotton or wire, always 
whip or bind the ends of every strand, and also the rope itself 
at the point where the splice is to commence, This is not so im- 
portant with either manila or hemp. 
On very small boats and sailing canoes a very fine, strong line of 
cable-laid fla.x is largely used. It does not stretch much, and is 
about twice as strong as small manila or cotton, but it is 2s. 6d. 
a pound, while cotton is Is. 6d. and manila lOd. to Is. 
In addition to the foregoing kinds of rope, a smaller sort o-f 
hemp line called houseiine is used for lacing sails, etc., and for 
serving ropes and splices, a still smaller kind of tarred hemp 
called marline is required, while sewing twine, either tarred or 
waxed, is used for whipping the ends of all the ropes and variotis 
other small jobs. 
