Forest and Stream 
A Weekly Journal of the Rod and Gun. 
Copyright, 1901, by Forest and Stream Publishtng Co. 
[ NEW YORK, SATURDAY, NOVEMBER 2, 1901. 
Terms, $4 a Year. 10 Cts. A Copy. 
Six Months, $2. 
( VOL. LVII.— No. 18. 
I No. 846 Broadway, New York 
Like the race of leaves 
The race of man is j The wind in atttttmn strews 
The earth with old leaves; then the springs the 
woods with new endows. Old Homer. 
ILLUSTRATION SUPPLEMENT. 
Every copy of the Forest and Stream to-day should 
contain an extra sheet with the illustration "The Start." 
by Edm. H. Osthaus. This is the second of a series of 
-which the first one, "First Around the Home Mark," was 
given in the issue of Aug. I2, and the third, "Mr. and 
Mrs. Bob White," will accompany the issue of Dec. 7. 
NEW WOODS AND NEW COVERS. 
We spoke the other day of the diminution of shooting 
territory consequent upon the extensive reclamation of 
marsh lands along- the Atlantic coast and elsewhere. An- 
other movement continuousl}^ in progress is the extension 
of wooded areas, and this in turn means an increase of 
game country, and is of direct benefit to the game supply. 
The prevailing notion of forestry is that the enterprise 
of tree planting is one of which the profits will go to 
succeeding generations. The average land owner is intent 
upon seeing something come of an investment during his 
own lifetime, when he can have the benefit of it, and he 
is therefore reluctant to devote time and labor and to lock 
up capital in that which must be of very remote advantage 
to himself personally. There are conditions now pre- 
vailing, however, which make certain the profit of tree 
planting within such short periods of time as to encourage 
general participation in it, with confidence on the part of 
the planters that they may themselves reap a harvest. 
In a survey of forest extension in the middle West, 
Avhich forms a chapter in the Year Book of the Depart- 
ment of Agriculture, Wm. L. Hall describes the condi- 
tions now prevailing over a large extent of territory which 
insure profit on investments in tree planting, and the 
revenues from which may be looked for within a com- 
paratively short time. The chief factor of the situation is 
the rapid diminution in the available supply of timber 
for fence posts, trolley poles, telegraph poles and railroad 
cross-ties. 
In the middle West the diminution of timber has been 
very general, and over large areas the supply is practically 
exhausted. The effect has been to put up the price of 
posts to such figures that the prices now exceed the cost 
of growing; the difference is such as to insure profit in 
timber growing, and this profit will increase in the imme- 
diate future, keeping pace with the demand and supply. 
The use of posts is enoi-mous and is on the increase. The 
telegraph lines of the country require nearly 600,000 an- 
nually, at a cost of not less than $1,000,000 ; while the tele- 
phones and the electric car lines and lighting systems use 
as many more. The prices of poles for such uses range 
from $1 to $50 each, and in the next fifteen years a very 
great advance may be expected. The railroads use 620,- 
000,000 cross-ties, and 90,000,000 are required annually 
for renewals, taking the timber from an estimated area 
of 200,000 acres. Nothing has been found to take the 
place of wood for the purpose, and railroad officials 
realize that the tie timber is becoming something of a 
.scarcity, and assert that prices are rapidly rising; and it 
is certain that timber-growing for railroad cross-ties will 
prove very profitable. Mr. J. Hope Sutor, General Man- 
ager of the Ohio & Middle Kanawha Railroad, estimates 
that the value of cross-ties will, within the next fifteen 
years, increase to about 50 per cent. -over the present 
prices. 
Owners of land in the middle West have been taking 
advantage of this growing demand for pole and tie tim- 
ber, and the area of planted timber already aggregates 
many hundred thousand acres. Within the last year hun- 
dreds of plantations have been established in co-opera- 
tion with the Division of Forestry. A tract of land thus 
set aside for tree planting is examined by an expert from 
the Division, and a plan is prepared for the establish- 
ment and management of the plantation. The tracts are 
small, for the most paxt ranging from five to fifty acres. 
Some railroads have undertaken, on their own account, 
to provide for their own cross-ties. More trees were 
planted in the spring of 1901 than have ever been planted 
before in a single year ; but Mr. Hall is confident that the 
number plante4 will fall short of the requirements; he 
declares that if 500,000 acres of timber should be planted 
annually, well distributed throughout the middle West, 
the production would be inadequate to meet the require- 
ments of the country, and the planters could still hope 
for liberal profits. 
All this means, as we have said before, that the game 
conditions over vast areas of country are undergoing a 
change, for cover will be found both on prairie land, 
where it does not exist, and on other land, where it has 
been destroyed. 
A change of the same nature is going on in the East. 
It will be recalled that the Connecticut Legislature last 
winter provided for the taking over by the State of idle 
lands capable of being restored to woodland, to be man- 
aged by a State Forester and administered in such a way 
that they may serve as object lessons in tree-planting 
and the proper management of forestry. The Legisla- 
ture appropriated $2 000 for two years, and provided that 
lands could_ not be bought for more than $4 per acre. 
State Forester Mulford has advertised for offers of land 
to be given over to his management for these purposes. 
The act provides that having acquired lands, the State 
Forester shall be authorized to plant them with seedlings 
of oak, or chestnut, and such other trees as he may deem 
expedient, and that the territory so administered shall be 
fenced and protected from trespassers, forest fires and 
the destruction of game, fish and timber. All this public 
forest land in Connecticut then constitutes a series of 
game and fish reserves, the benefit from which to all the 
adjoining country will be very great as a factor in main- 
taining and increasing the supply of birds. It is putting 
into practice the scheme advocated by Dr. Van Name, of 
game refuges established by the State. 
"THE START." 
In this issue of Forest and Stream we present to our 
readers, in supplementary form, a spirited portrayal of 
a hunting scene, from the masterly brush of Mr. Edm. H. 
Osthaus, whose fame as an artist is well known. As with 
all other of his field scenes, this is in perfect accord with 
the theme which it depicts. ' The nervous energy and dash 
of the dogs; the eager recklessness with which they jump 
or scramble over all obstacles to begin the quest for the 
game birds; the calm poise and sharp alertness of the 
gunners, have a realism which all sportsmen will recog- 
nize at a glance. The setting of woods and fields, beau- 
tiful in themselves, and suggestive of the haunts of quail 
or ruffed grouse, appears to the sportsman through asso- 
ciation, for who, at some outing or another, has not had 
.some moments of sport so fast and fine that it rewarded 
hours or days of effort? 
To Mr. Osthaus the sportsmen of America are indebted 
for the invaluable added beauty, dignity and refinement 
which his genius has added to the sports of field and 
:^tream. 
DON'T 
Point your gun at a person. 
Point your gun at yourself. 
Look down the muzzle of your gun. 
Pull your gun toward you muzzle first through a fence 
or out of boat or wagon. 
Shoot until you see that it is game and not man. 
These are Don'ts not difficult to observe. They should 
constitute a part of the shooting creed of every one wHo 
goes into the field or the forest with firearms. The 
observance of them will insure safety to the man -with 
the gun and safety to his companions. Their disregard 
often results in the death of the shooter or of some hap- 
less victim. 
As certain as the shooting season comes around, the 
question arises of the bringing of game out of New 
Jersey, and of carrying it through the State. Owing 
to the convenience of the New Jersey covers to the large 
cities, of Philadelphia and Nerw York, great numbers of 
shooters go out from these cities into the New Jersey 
fields. The law forbids absolutely the' exportation of 
game, so that visiting sportsmen are debarred from taking 
home the fruits of the hunt. This is generally and quite 
reasonably regarded as a personal hardship, the severity 
of which is not justified by any necessity of it to secure 
the ends desired. Many States restrict the export of 
game, gnd hold it (Iqwii closely to legitimate bounds, while 
giving permission to the visiting sportsman to take home 
Avhat he himself has killed, the amount being limited and 
provision being made for necessary labeling and carrying 
in company with the owner and open to view. This very 
effectttally prevents the export for market purposes, inas- 
much as the amount allowed to each person to be carried 
by him is so sinall that there is no profit in the traffic 
for the market-hunter. Regulations of this character 
appeal because of their justice and reasonableness, where 
a law like that of New Jersey, which forbids absolutely 
the export of game, entails a decided hardship upon the 
individual and is resented. 
There is another phase of the New Jersey law which is 
obnoxious. Sportsmen froin New York city going to 
Orange or Sullivan counties, N. Y., and returning thence 
with quail and partridge, and passing through New Jer- 
sey, on the way home, have their game confiscated under 
the New Jersey non-export law. Thus to rob them of 
New York game killed in one part of New York and in 
progress of transportation to another part of New York 
is an injustice which cannot possibly have any appreciable 
effect upon the game of New Jersey. The law might 
well be changed to correspond with others which accom- 
plish their purpose without absolute prohibition of export. 
The activity of Comriiissioner Collins, of the Massachu- 
setts Commission, in inspecting waters on which there are 
saw mills, is bearing good fruit. As is told in a communi- 
cation to-day, the Commissioner has personally visited 
between forty and fifty mills and has ordered the owners 
to keep the water free of the sawdust nuisance. In other 
words, Mr. Collins has undertaken to make the streams 
fit habitations for trout, and in doing this he has vastly 
increased the possibilities of the fish supply. As an 
indication' of the good work intelligently undertaken and 
strenuously accomplished by the Massachusetts Commis- 
sion, the letter of our correspondent is illuminative and 
encouraging. The abatement of the sawdust nuisance is 
only one feature of the work which in the waters and in 
the fields is restoring to Massachusetts something of its 
depleted resources of rod and gun. 
In the Yarmouth County Court of Nova Scotia, Judge 
Savary has handed down a decision in the non-resident 
license case, in which the ruling is made that the phrase 
"temporaril}' domiciled" does not apply to foreigners 
who visit the Province for fishing. If Judge Savar^s 
decision shall be adopted as a guide for practice elsewhere 
the exaction of licenses will be made in districts wherein 
heretofore the lavv has not been so construed. As so 
much uncertainty on this point has existed in the past, it 
will prove a decided advantage to have had this case 
settled as a precedent. We question the advantage to 
Canada of the angling license exaction, but, as we have 
said before, that is something for the Canadian author- 
ities to determine for themselves. 
Those Boston shooters who defy the Sunday shooting 
law and talk about having a "moral right" to shoot on 
Sunday may occupy an impregnable position, but we are 
curious to know how they would show any difference be- 
tween their moral right to shoot on Sunday and the moral 
right of other people to shoot in close season the year 
round. Their contention appears to be simply the com- 
mon plea of the individual who believes that game laws 
were made for everybody else, but not for him; or who 
contends strenuously for the strict enforcement of all the 
laws except the particular one which interferes with his 
own pleasure. 
. 
That old story of the greenhorn who is taken out by 
the local "sports" and stationed in a lonely spot with a 
candle and an open bag, which he is to hold open while 
the other snipe hunters go off to drive tlie game into it, 
has been current for generations. There are some who 
question if the actual "snipe hunt" ever takes place, but 
we have heard of it in different localities with such detail 
as to justify the belief that more than one unfortimate 
victim has been made tlie butt of the coarse, practical 
■joke, and the Tennessee case citetl elsewhere is not the 
only one that has gone so far as to get into court 
