870 
FOREST AND STREAM. 
[Nov. 9, igor. 
The Lake frout. 
There has been some discussion of a fish sent hy Mr. 
C. B, Rosevear, manager of the New Algona Railroad, 
from waters Ijnng north of Sault Ste. Marie. It was sup- 
posed to be a new varietj'; and for determination a 
specimen was, by Mr. Rosevear's courtesy, forwarded to 
the Forest and Stream. 
The trout sent for identification is a lake trout 
(jCristivomer namaycnsh) , which is described and figured 
in many recent books, as well as in De Kay's "New York 
Fauna, Fishes," page 239, plate 39, figure 123. De Kay, 
however, calls it Salmo confinis. Richardson gives a good 
figure of this trout in his "Fauna Boreali- Americana," 
Vol. III., page 179, plate 79, under the name Salmo 
namaycnsh. 
All recent books upon the game fishes of North 
American describe the lake trout either as the Salvelinus 
namaycush or Cristivotner namaycnsh, the fact being that 
the common lake trout and the common brook trout 
are very closely related. The principal difference be- 
tween them is in the disposition of teeth in the middle 
of the roof of the mouth. In the brook trout these teeth 
are few in number, and they are arranged in a little, 
roundish cluster on the head of the vomer (a small, boat- 
shaped bone in the middle of the roof of the mouth). 
In the lake trout the teeth in question are not in a cluster, 
but in naiTow, doiible line, which is four times as long 
as it is broad, and which is not placed upon the vomer 
proper, but on a raised crest above the shaft of that bone. 
There is also a long and well-developed band of teeth 
at the base of the tongue, whereas in the brook trout 
these teeth are either absent or only slightly developed 
in a minute patch. 
Perhaps this method of distinguishing between brook 
trout and lake trout may be difficult for some anglers, 
and for them it may be best to rely upon other characters, 
such as the deeply forked tail fin of the lake trout and its 
roundish, pale ^pots on a grayish or blackish ground. 
The pale color of the ventral and anal fins, the absence at 
all times of a black line behind the white front margin of 
those fins, and the entire lack of small, roundish, red 
spots upon the sides and of reticulated markings on the 
body and fins. 
In Bulletin 47, U. S. National Museum, page 461, 
Jordan and Evermann say of the lake trout genus: 
"Species spotted with gray, without bright colors;" and 
of the brook trout genus: "Species red-spotted, the 
lower fins with bright edgings." These statements should 
be reconstructed, for the lower fins of the lake trout in 
the breeding season are vermilion, and some individuals 
have a white outer edge at the breast and belly fin and 
on the front of the anal fin. A specimen from New- 
found Lake, N. H., had also a white tip to the lower lobe 
of the tail fin and on the top of the back fin. These 
bright colors are present in both sexes. 
The lake trout is found throughout the entire northern 
part of North America, as far north at least as the Arc- 
tic Circle, and south to Maine, New Hampshire, New 
York, the Great Lake region, Henry Lake in Idaho, and 
the headwaters of the Columbia. It has been described 
under many scientific names, and is equally favored in 
the number and variety of its popular appellations, which 
include salmon trout, Mackinaw trout, red trout, gray 
trout, lunge, togue and tuladi. 
CHICAGO AND THE WEST. 
A Grand Muscallunge. 
_ Chicago, III., Nov. 2.— Mr. W. R. Caldwell, of this 
city, returned this morning from a few days' fishing trip 
in the little St. Germaine County of Wisconsin, along the 
C. M. & St. P. Ry. Mr. Caldwell is the same gentleman 
regarding whose preparations for a big muscallunge cam - 
paign I wrote at some extent a few weeks ago. I de- 
scribed then his theory regarding big bait, and his differ- 
ent spoons, tandems, buck tai! baits, etc., which he was 
then preparing. He did not at (hat time get away for his 
trip, but left last week, and is back now with abundant 
proof that his theory regardin,E;' the habits of the giant 
muscallunge is an exceedingly correct one. He brought 
back with him to-day a magnificent specimen of muscal- 
lunge which weighed 43 pounds, and which was itt many 
ways the most remarkable fish that ever came out of 
Wisconsin. The length of this fish we could not make to 
be over 50 inches from tip to tip. yet about the shoulders 
it girded 21 inches, and about the middle of the body it 
showed the tremendous measurement of 24 inches. Its 
back was extraordinarily thick along its whole length, 
and the fish seemed to be fat and in splendid condition. 
You will often hear of muscallunge which measure 52. 
perhaps 54, inches, yet do not come anywhere near such 
a weight as 43 pounds. Mr. Caldwell has known a 24- 
pound muscallunge to measure 50 inches. 
This fish was a perfect monster in appearance, and it 
put up a fight quite in accordance with its tremendously 
stocky, heavy, bulldog frame. Indeed, all the fish taken 
in the little St. Germaine lake seemed to be in perfect 
condition. Mr Caldwell had another muscallunge of 
24 pounds weight, two of 12, and others of less weight, 
but these seemed babies compared with the giant 43- 
pounder. There was any quantity of pickerel in these 
waters, and certainly the muscallunge seemed to be feed- 
ing on something which makes them exceedingly fat 
this fall. 
As to the quality of the sport, Mr. Caldwell says that 
he could not call the trip a very lucky one outside of 
the capture of the big fish above mentioned. The weather 
was simply vile all the time, cold, stormy, and with so 
high a wind that the lake was almost unsafe to fish 
even in the milder parts of the day. At the time the big 
fish was struck the sea was running so high that it was 
dangerous to be out in a boat. Mr. Caldwell was trolling 
with one of his bucktail baits the full-sized tail of a deer, 
a bait fully a foot in length. When they got the strike 
they hardly knew what to do, for there was enough on 
hand to keep the boat right side up. , The oarsmen started 
the boat against the wind, and they went up the lake 
twice, the fish being played for something like an hour 
and a quarter, When the boat was running before the 
. wind of course the fish was towed swiftly. Going the 
other way it was almost impossible to make any head- 
way at all. The big fellow struck at a tandem gang 
when he bit the buck tail, and the large hook was driven 
quite through his upper jaw. so that it was impossible for 
him to escape. The fight under the circumstances was a 
long, stubborn and highly interesting one. To land so 
big a fish as this in so wild a sea was something of a 
sporting undertaking, and Mr. Caldwell says he never 
expects to have a more vivid experience. Every railroad 
conductor who saw the fish says that it was the biggest 
one that has come out of Wisconsin in the last twelve 
years. 
One of the smaller niuscalhtnge, a 3 2-pounder, bored 
down to the bottom after striking, and got mixed up in 
a sunken tree top. When at last it broke free it appeared 
with a big section of the tree top, which it carried to the 
surface. It was wedged in among the limbs so that it 
could hardly fight, and lay there almost spent. On reel- 
ing in, it was fottnd that the line was fastened about some 
of the branches, and when the fish made a run to get 
away from the boat it cleared off a dozen feet of line on 
the outside of the floating snag. Here was something of 
a predicament, for of coitrse the line could not be reeled 
in, and the fish was too deep down to reach with gaff or 
gun. There was some pretty tall figuring for awhile, but 
at last they got the fish close enough to deliver the cotip 
de grace. This fish Avas catight on a tandem with the 
pork trailer, as were the other smaller ones, only the big 
fish rising to the buck tail. The argument of all of whicit 
is that it pays to try a whole lot of things in muscalltmgc 
fishing, and not to be afraid to use a good, big bait. 
"Wisconsio Fish Laws. 
If you are fishing in Wisconsin look out how you pack 
your fish. The warden at Appleton is getting to be 
pretty nearly as bad as the one at Milwaukee, and the 
latter is a perfect Hawkshaw. The wardens construe the 
law not to permit any single fish weighing over^ twenty 
pounds to go through, and they have been confiscating 
ever}' box containing more than twenty pounds of fish. 
The law states "two fish, or twenty pounds." It looks 
as though one would have to cut a 43-pound fish into 
three pieces in order to get through with it. 
Whether this was the intention of the statute seems a 
matter of doubt, or at least so claim certain citizens who 
have turned up in Chicago shy of the niu.scallunge which 
they had fondly hoped to bring through with them. It is 
just as well to have an understanding in these matters of 
game laws and wardens. Above all, do not go on a 
sporting trip nowadays on the basis that you can skin 
through, evade the laws and not get caught. The best 
thing to do is to go square up to the racJv and take your 
medicine. E. Hough. 
Hartford Building, Chicago, 111, 
Potomac Notes. 
Good weather has brought the water of the Potomac 
into good condition for black bass fishing, and during the 
past ten days anglers have been out in large numbers. 
Quite a large party have fished the river at Edwards 
Ferry, within a week, among others Messrs. Tappan, 
Curtis, Newman, Patterson, Graff, Bergling, Johnson, 
Morrison, Sypherd and Major Carter. The chief com- 
plaint was that the fish ran small in size; many of those 
taken had to be thrown back into the river, Mr. Curtis 
caught the largest bass, 4I/3 pounds by the scales, but he 
was unfortunate enough to lose it in an attempt to trans- 
fer it to the live box. 
Major Strong and Attorney^General Knox were booked 
to go to Riverton, but we have no report of their trip. 
Mr. Eaton caught ten bass on a recent outing to Point 
of Rocks. Mr. Caineran, at Pennifields, caught thirty 
bass, averaging pounds each. Mr. Coburn caught ten 
bass at the same place. 
Messrs. Tassin, Landgralf and Copper have been fish- 
ing from Dead Run to the Feeder. Many of the fish 
hooked were too small to keep, and were returned to the 
Avater. Their record bass weighed 2 pounds 2 ounces, 2 
pounds 4 ounces, 3 pounds, 3 pounds 6 ounces, 4 pounds 
2 ounces, 4 pounds 8 ounces. Mr. Copper had the pleas- 
ure of landing the largest. These gentlemen have found 
"mill roach" the best mimiow bait. Fly-fishing yielded 
very small fish. 
A few ducks have been seen on the river above the city, 
and a large flock of geese passed southward about s A. M. 
one day midweek. 
Quite good-sized catches of large-mouthed bass have 
been made; Mr. Charles Laird took twenty-two in the 
neighborhood of Long Bridge, and Mr. Ehrmantrout 
caught eighteen bass and one pickerel, and shot a brace of 
ducks at Occoquan last week. 
Large-mouthed bass are plentiful in the canal, and are 
found far up stream, and at the same time carp are "as 
thick as pigs" in the canal. The "Potomac bass spinner" 
is proving a taking lure. It is similar to a Paw Paw spoon, 
but the revolving spinner seems to be much more fetching 
than the spoon. 
The lean condition of the bass in the Potomac this 
season is remarkable. Fish that are long and deep enough 
to weigh 3 pounds weigh but 2 pounds. Some of our 
anglers think that the muddy condition of the water all 
summer long prevented the fish from finding their food. 
Bon. 
Black Bass Weights. 
Kansas City, Mo. — Will you please advise me through 
the columns of your paper of the weight of the largest 
black bass caught in the United States? There is a fish 
sold in the markets here as black bass that weighs as 
much as. 18 pounds. Is this the true black bass? They 
are shipped up here from Louisiana. In a competition 
for large black bass could thej' be entered? 
WlI-SON ASKERBERG. 
[We have in our oflice the head of a large-mouth black 
bass which weighed over 25 pounds. It was caught in 
Florida. The fish you mention are presumably large- 
mouth black bass, and could be entered in a competition.] 
Black Bass Culture. 
Editor Forest and Stream: 
Why have artificial fish breeders failed to propagate 
bass? Why is it necessary to bodily transplant grown 
bass from one spot to another instead of spawning and 
artificial hatching ? . Charles Cristadoro. 
It is necessary to transport the fish because it is im- 
practicable to take the eggs and milt for artificial culture 
as with other fishes. These paragraphs, from Fred 
Mather's "Modern Fishculture," put it in a nutshell : 
"Their culture consists in planting them and protecting 
the water for a few years. They sweep nests in the 
gravel, lay their glutinous eggs in them and watch the 
nests, fighting off all intruders and fanning the eggs with 
their tails for circulation. The eggs hatch in four to 
six days, according to the temperature, and remain a day 
or two on the nest, plainly visible as a dark mass. Then, 
when the sac is about to be absorbed, they rise, and the 
old fish remains under them until they disperse to seek 
food. We cannot take their eggs, and hatch them, and as 
the parents do so well at it there is little need to try it. 
If young are needed for stocking, the nests should be 
watched and the young taken in dip nets, which are lined 
with millinet or cheese cloth." 
The Dcnnys River Salmon. 
It will be recalled that the Dennys River, in Maine, is 
a stream which formerly afforded capital salmon fish- 
ing, as it would do to-day if freed from the nuisance of 
the sawdust and other saw-mill refuse deposited in it hy 
the Dennysville Lumber Company's works. Dr. Robt. T. 
Morris, who has written of the river, tells us that it 
would now be possible to secure complete control of the 
river and to restore it to its pristine state as a salmon 
water. This would, of course, involve the expenditure of 
a considerable sum of moneJ^ but the fishing to be gained 
would warrant the expense; indeed, the milling enterprise 
might be continued and the fishing yet be preserved, so 
that the stream as a salmon river might be self-support- 
ing. 
Forestry and Fisheries at Paris. 
The United States exhibit in the Department of For- 
estry and Fisheries at the Paris Exposition is the sub- 
ject of an illtistrated report b}^ Dr. Tarleton H. Bean, 
the director. It is published scparateh- as an advance 
of the report of the Commissioner-General. 
— • — 
FixtOfcs. 
BENCH SHOWS. 
Nov. 27-30. — Philadelphia, Pa.— Philadelphia L)og Show Associa- 
tion's third annual show. 
Dec. 15. — New York, N. Y.— Ladies' Kennel Association of 
America'^ inaugural dog show. 
1902. 
Feb, 4-6. — Providence, R. I. — Rhode Island Kennel Club's annual 
show. George D. Miller, Sec'y. 
* FIELD TRIALS. 
Nov. 11.— Bicknell, Ind. — Independent Field Trial Club's third 
annual trials. H. S. Humphrey, Sec'y. 
Nov. 12.— Chatham, Ont. — International Field Trial Club's thir- 
teenth annual trials. — W. B. Wells, Hon. Sec'y. 
Nov. 12. — Hampton, Conn.— Connecticut Field Trial Club's trials. 
F. M. Chapin, Sec'y, Pine Meadow, Conn. 
Nov. 19. — Robinson. III. — Illinois Field Trial Association's third 
annual trials. W. R. Green, Sec'y. 
Nov. 19.— Ruthven, Ont.— North American Field Trial Club's 
trials. R. Baughan, Sec'y, Windsor, Ont. 
Nov. 20. — Manor, L. I. — Pointer Club of America's annual field 
trials. R. E. Westlake, Sec'y. 
Nov. 23. — Newton, N. C— Eastern Field Trial Club's twenty- 
third annual trials. S. C. Bradley, Sec'y, Greenfield Hill, Conn. 
Nov. 25. — Paris, Mo. — Missouri Field Trial Association's fifth 
annua! trials. L. S. Eddins, Sec'y. 
Nov. — .• — Paris, Mo.- — Interstate Charnpionship Field Trial As- 
sociation's inaugural trials follow M. F. T. A. trials. 
Dec. 2. — Glasgow, Mo. — Western Field Trial Association's in- 
augural trials. C. W. Buttles, Sec'y. 
Dec. 4-7. — American Pointer Championship Field Trial Asso- 
ciation's inaugural trials. Robert L. Dall, Sec'y. 
Dec. 11. — Glasgow, Ky. — ^Kentucky Field Trial Club's second 
annual trials. Dr. F. W. Samuels, Sec'y. 
BEAGLE TRIALS. 
Nov. 4. — Roslyn, L. I. — National Beagle Club's twelfth annual 
trials. — G. Mifflin Wharton, Sec'y. 
Nov. 5. — Watertown, VVis. — Northwestern Beagle Club's in- 
augural trials. Louis Steffen, Sec'y. 
Nov, 11. — Lexington, Mass. — New England Beagle Club's annual 
trials. 
Nov. 12. — Harrisville, Pa. — Central Beagle Club's annual field 
trials. A. C. Peterson, Sec'y. 
''Training- the Hunting Dogf.** 
The new work on dog training, entitled "Training the 
Hunting Dog for the Field and Field Trials." presents 
a sj'stem which has been eminently successful through 
several decades of practical trial, and which in the main 
is used by the most eminent professional trainers of the 
present day. While containing all the essentials of the 
art as practised by the professional, it is presented in a 
manner so simple that the tyro can readily understand it. 
In particular,, the peculiarities of dog nature are ex- 
tensively treated, for without such knowledge the be-' 
ginner can hope to succeed but ill. He must understand 
the limitations, the capabilities and the incentives of the 
dog's life before he can assume to teach the dog success- 
fully- 
The system inculcated is based on giving the pupil the 
most ample practical experience, supplemented with both 
kindness and punishment. Experience and kindiiess de- 
velop the dog's powers and teach him to work on the • 
lines desired; punishment teaches nothing progressively; 
it merely checks the pupil from doing undesirable acts. 
The method which is founded on pure kindness and the 
method which is founded on force are fully treated, and 
as distinct methods are shown to be fallacious. They are 
a part of one method. 2ifankind in his efforts to learn 
is subjected to them. He has the incentive of rewards 
for good performance, and punishmeiit — not necessarily 
always corporal — for bad performance. 
