376 
tMov. 9, 1901. 
better on the mast, but it is liable to pull the luff of the sail 
alternately to port and starboard at each eyelet. 
A roller foresail is bent to the roller by first hauling the luS 
tightly along the roller and then sewing the two strips, of canvas, on 
the luff as closely as possible round the roller. This sewing cannot 
be too tight. 
There are two other methods of attaching the sail to the roller, 
but they are neither of them so good as sewing. 
One way is to have the sail roped like an ordinary sail and bend 
it on the roller, seizing it at each eyelet. This is the wo'rst pos- 
sible method, as the sail is sure to get slack between the seizings, 
and to slip round the roller. 
The third plan is to slip the luff of the sail between the two 
halves of a wooden roller and screw it tightly together on the sail; 
also a bad method, 
A gunter lug, or any other form of lug, is bent to the yard and 
boom in just the same way as the gaff sail, except that instead of 
lacing the head to the yard in the case of a balance lug it should 
be seized to it at each eyelet with small pieces of marline, called 
"nettles"; then, if one is chafed through between the yard and 
the mast, the others will not be affected, and the sail will still set 
all right; but if a sail of this sort is merely laced to the yard, and 
the lacing chafes asunder, the whole head of the sail comes adrift 
at once, and is useless. 
A topsail is bent in this way to both yard and jackyard; but in 
this case the stops are used to save time in bending and unbend- 
ing the sail, as in all large yachts the sail is unbent every time it is 
stowed after use. Such, a topsail as that of the No. 2 boat need 
iiot be unbent every time, but the spars, being bamboo, are very 
light, and it is merely rolled round them and stowed away in the 
J I i_ 
SAIL PLAN— DESIGN NO. 2. 
rolled up in reefing. This is also prevented by a small groove in 
the upper side of the boom for the bolt rope to lie in and also by 
the way in which the foot lacing is passed. On sails without roller 
reef gear it is usual to pass the foot lacing simply round and 
round -tlie boom through the lacing eyelets without the marline 
hitch used on the head lacing; but for a roller sail the lacing is 
passed through the first eyelet, round the boom, back through the 
same eyelet, and along the foot of the sail to the next eyelet, re- 
peating this for the whole of the distance, the result being a round 
turn at each eyelet and the lacing passing along the sail from 
eyelet to eyelet without going round the boom, but being alter- 
nately on each side of the sail, and preventing it twisting' on the 
spar. . 
When the head and foot of the sail are bent to the spslrs the 
sail should be slowly hoisted and the luff lacing rove; or, if mast 
hoops are used, they should be bent on. There are two methods 
of reeving a luff lacing, the first being simply round the mast and 
through each eyelet, and the other being rovmd the mast and 
through the first eyelet and back round the mast on the same side 
to the second eyelet, etc., thus keeping the lacing from eyelet to 
eyelet on the fore side of the mast and never taking the lacing 
round the spar at all. This form of lacing undoubtedly travels 
METHOD OF ATTACHING FORESHEET. 
cabin, one end being right up in the bows of the boat and the sail 
triced up close under the defck at one side; so that it is quite out 
of the way. 
To set a gaff mainsail (No. 2 type) haul on both halliards equally, 
so that the gaff goes up more or less horizontal, till the throat 
halliard is right up; belay the peak and set up the throat as taut 
as possible with the purchase. Then get the peak up till a few 
small wrinkles show from peak to tack, especially just at the 
throat. Do not overdo this, especially with a new sail. 
To set a roller foresail let the roller line run out steadily, haul- 
ing the sheet aft till the sail is unrolled. Be sure and keep a light 
strain on the roller line when unrolling, and on the sheet when 
rolling up, and keep the sheets quite slack when the sail is rolled 
up and not in use. By attending to these rules, a roller headsail 
should never give trouble. 
To set a high-peaked gaff sail, like No. 1, hoist the sail with 
I 
zz: 
VARIOUS ARRANGEMENTS OF MAINSHEETS. 
the peak halliard till it is up as far as it will go; then haul away 
on the throat or main halliard till the sail is up, and set up on the 
main purchase till the luff is as taut as possible. If there are 
any wrinkles at the jaws slack off a little of the peak halliard till 
the sail sets fairly all over. If the peak of either type of sail is -not 
up enough the sail will be tight from the jaws to the end of the 
boom, and is quite useless. 
To set any form of lug, shackle on the tack; then hoist the sail 
as high as it will go with the main halliard and set up on the 
main or tack purchase till the lutl is taut. 
. To set a jackyard topsail bend the halliard on the yard with a 
rolling hitch, and the sheet on the jackyard in the same way, 
taking great care to get them both exactly in the right places. 
Hoist the sail chock up into the sheeve hole and belay the 
halliard; take the tack line rovmd the fore side of the mast and 
belay on the opposite side to the sail, getting it as taut as possible. 
Take a' jjull on the peak halliards till the gaff is peaked up a bit 
higher than it should be; then sheet home the topsail as hard as 
you can and belay, slacking up the peak again to its normal 
position. 
To set a spinnaker unhook the' spring hook of the halliard off 
the weather shroud and hook it into the head cringle of the spin- 
naker; take the guy outside the shroud and runner on the weather 
side and hook the spring hook info the eye on the end of the 
spinnaker boom and the tack cringle of the sail. Haul the sail 
chock up on the halliard and belay; make the end of the sheet 
