HAUSSA BORNOU. 
443 
by him Haussa, is represented, not as a single 
kingdom, but as a general name applied to the 
whole track situated along the eastern part of the 
Niger. It comprehends, according to him, Cash- 
na, Daura, Cano, (probably the ancient Gana,) 
Solan, Noro, NyfFe, Cabi, Zamfara, and Guber. 
Most of these kingdoms are tributary, either to 
Bornou or Asben. The Haussa, though negroes, 
are not quite black, and have an interesting coun- 
tenance. They are the most intelligent people 
in the interior of Africa. Mild, benevolent, and 
extremely gay in their manners, they cultivate the 
land with great assiduity, and excel in the manu- 
facture of cotton cloth, with which they supply 
the Fezzanians. The Haussa women are des- 
cribed as possessing a species of music which has 
the power, either of melting their husbands to 
tears, or of rousing them to warlike achievements. 
Bornou is at present decidedly the most power- 
ful kingdom in the interior of ilfrica. Cauga and 
Wangara are governed by officers appointed by 
the Sultan ; Begarmee, Cashna, and almost all the 
states composing Haussa, pay tribute to him. The 
Bornouans are blacker than the inhabitants of 
Haussa ; they are also ruder in their habits and 
manners. A kingdom situated round a large lake 
was described to Horneman under the names of 
Cougu, Lussi, and Fiddri, (Fittri of Browne, and 
Cauga of the Arabians). The lake is four days' 
