SOS MORAL AND POLITICAL STATE. 
Africa. One goes to Sennaar, sometimes by the 
route from Syene across the desert of Nubia to 
Gerri, which was traversed by Bruce, while at 
other times it strikes off at Monfalout, and pass- 
ing by El-Wah, Sheb, and Selyme, rejoins the 
Nile at Moscho. Poncet accompanied this cara* 
van. The second caravan goes to Darfur, and 
follows the same route as that last mentioned as 
far as Selyme, when, instead of striking off to the 
Nile, it continues south, with a slight declination 
to the west. These two caravans travel only 
once in two or three years, and seldom exceed 
five hundred persons. The third caravan, from 
Cairo to Mourzouk, is on a greater scale, and 
performs, in general, an annual journey. It forms 
the channel by which that city maintains its com- 
munications with all the countries, both of Western 
and Interior Africa. Siwah, the ancient Am- 
nion, and Augila, form the principal stations up- 
on this route, which occupies about forty days. 
From Fezzan, two great caravans direct their 
course to the southward, one to Bornou, and the 
other to Cashna. The former performs its journey 
in fifty days, through the deserts of Bilma and 
Tibesti ; the latter requires sixty days, the route 
lying through Ganatt and Agades. A great body 
of the merchants who go to Cashna, continue 
their journey, cross the Niger on a raft at the 
ferry of Gongoo, and proceed along the moun- 
