APPENDIX. 
Tocrur, Berissa, Ghana, with the other provinces of Vancara 
and Caugha, and all the country of the negroes, who for the 
most part inhabit along the Nile itself, or the rivers which fall 
into it. The rest of the countries lying distant from the Nile, 
on each side, are desert sands and solitary wastes, altogether 
uncultivated : There are indeed wells found in them, but often 
dry ; and travellers find no water for two, four, five, six, and 
sometimes twelve days' journey. Of this nature is the road of 
Beneser, which is upon the way between Segelmessa and 
Ghana, where for fourteen days no water can be got ; for which 
reason the caravans have it carried with them in all such roads 
on the backs of camels. There are throughout the countries 
of the blacks many such passes, the soil being mostly sand, 
which, tossed to and fro by the wind, makes it impracticable 
to find water. Those regions are also subject to excessive 
heat, so that the inhabitants of the first and second, and of 
some parts of the third climate, through the intense heat and 
burning of the sun, are of a black colour, and have their hair 
curling, contrary to what happens to those who live in the 
sixth and seventh climate. From the Isle of Ulil to the city 
of Salla are sixteen stations ; that city is situated on the north 
side of the Nile ; it is populous, and abounding with the best 
merchandises of the negroes, and the citizens are stout and 
courageous. This place is in the dominion of the king of 
Tocrur, who is a mighty prince, having many servants and sol- 
diers, of known fortitude, power, and justice, with a country 
well secured, and exposed to no fears : His chief seat and 
place of residence is the city Tocrur, standing on the south 
bank of the Nile, two days' journey from Salla, as well by the 
river as by land. The city Tocrur is larger than that of Salla, 
and more abounding with commerce : The remotest inhabi- 
tants of the west bring thither shells and brass, and carry from 
thence gold and bracelets for the legs. The diet at Salla 
and Tocrur is a kind of large grained millet, fish, and prepa- 
ration of milk ; their cattle are chiefly camels and goats ; the 
