oSO 
APPENDIX. 
Ghainaray a city situated on the bank of the Nile, sur- 
rounded by a ditch filled with water ; its inhabitants are brave, 
and make incursions into the country of Lamlam, and there 
carry off men whom they sell to foreigners. 
Karkar,^ a great country, containing many kingdoms, which 
bear the name of their capitals. The city of Karkar is situat- 
ed on a river which comes from the north, and loses itself in 
the sands of the desert. These people are black, very nume- 
rous ; they wear ornaments of gold, and of skins well prepar- 
ed. The king is very powerful, and puts great armies on foot ; 
their country borders on that of the mines of gbld ; the earth 
is covered with them. When the merchants go thither, they 
draw a line ; on one side the inhabitants place their gold, and 
on the other the merchants place what they wish to exchange ; 
both parties withdraw, and do not return till next morning ; 
then if they are content with the exchange they carry it away, 
but if they delay, " les habitans y mettent le feu, reprennent 
" leur or, et massacrent ceux qui se revoltent contre eux."f 
In this country is found a wood called serpent-wood, because 
it has the property of so far soothing these animals, that they 
may be taken fearlessly in the hand. 
Ghana, a country situated to the north of Maghrara. The 
city, which bears the same name, is one of the largest in the 
country of the blacks ; it is divided into two parts, situated on 
the opposite banks of the Nile. All the merchants of the other 
countries come thither for gold, which is found in the earth ; 
those of Segelmessa go in twelve days through deserts where 
there is no water ; they bring figs, salt, copper, oudaf and 
carry back gold only. The inhabitants have boats on the 
Nile ; the king has numerous armies ; many neighbouring 
kings are subject to him ; his palace is upon the Nile, and you 
* Probably the Kuku of Edrisi. 
f 1 have given here the words of M. de Guignes's translation, which da 
not seem very intelligible. 
