156 
president's address. 
The volcanic zone bends easterly from here on account of the 
easterly trend in the fold, which appears to make a loop towards 
South Georgia before it swings back towards Cape Horn. That 
there is a real easterly trend in the earth-fold at Trinity Land 
and the South Shetlands is proved by the observations made by 
the Astrolabe and Zelee expedition, which record a strike in a 
N.N.E. and S.S.W. direction for the greyish-white limestones and 
phyllite-schists at the South Orkneys.* Towards Cape Horn from 
near South Georgia the fold probably trends west-nor-westerly, 
then follows an approximately meridional direction parallel with 
the chain of the Andes. It may be noted, however, that whereas 
the Erebus chain of Victoria Land is on the east side of the fold, 
the Christen sen-Bridgman group are apparently on the opposite 
side. This may be due to the fact that at the latter locality the 
eastern slope of the fold is steeper than the western, as seems 
probable from the presence of the deep ocean abyss east of 
Graham's Land, as shown on Dr. Murray's map. The volcanoes 
of the Antarctic are thus situated on the same great earth-fold 
which has determined the position of the Cordillera and coast 
line of South America, and form part of that great " girdle of 
fire " which runs round about the earth, from the Andes along 
the west coast of North America and the Dominion of Canada 
through the Aleutian and Kurile Islands towards Japan, thence 
through various volcanic islands of the Pacific, including 
Krakatoa, towards the north-east extremity of New Guinea, to 
the Tonga Islands, and thence back to the White Island of New 
Zealand. It is probable, therefore, that the volcanic chain of 
Victoria Land will continue towards the South Pole, probably 
bending somewhat to the eastward, and will thence change its 
position to the fold on the other side of the Antarctic continent, 
so as to run through the Christensen-Bridgman line of volcanoes. 
In any case it is almost certain that high land, covered of course 
more or less by snow and glaciers, will be found at the South Pole. 
It may be mentioned here that the gneissic rocks in the small 
islands off Terre Adelie strike in an east and west direction. 
Loc. cit. p. 32. 
