PRESIDENT S ADDRESS. 
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identification from leaves. Baron Ettingshausen's conclusions are 
as follows : — He finds 98 species representing Cryptogams, Mono- 
cotyledons, G-ymnosperms and Dicotyledons; and as he says the 
most important general result is this : — 
" The Tertiary Flora of extra-tropical Australia is, as regards 
character, essentially different from the present living flora of 
Australia ; nor does it closely resemble, in general, any other 
living flora. On the other hand, it shows the mixed character of 
the Tertiary Floras of Europe, the Arctic Regions, North America, 
and probably all the Tertiary Floras. It has also much more 
similarity to the Tertiary Floras at present known than to the 
existing flora of Australia. The characteristic plants of Australia 
are but feebly represented." 
He finds such genera of the northern hemisphere as Myrica, 
Biiul.a, Alnus, Quercus, Fagus and Salix represented. Of these 
we have at the present day Fagus only. There are other genera of 
East Indian origin, which is not to be wondered at, as we have 
such at the present day; but he also finds species of Magnolia 
allied to North American forms; Bo nbax of tropical America and 
some Oceanic genera which I think are much more doubtful. 
These and other conditions seem to indicate to him an original 
universal flora in Tertiary times to which all the present existing 
floras of the earth may be traced back, and the evolution of the 
present flora from the Tertiary flora took place through the 
differentiation of the " floral climate " — whatever that may mean 
— which, however, was effected differently in different parts of 
the globe. (See History of the Development of the Vegetation 
of the Earth. Sitzungsb. der Acad, der Wiss. Wien). 
As already referred to, further investigation has been made by 
Baron Ettingshausen as to some fossil plant remains found when 
excavating some railway cuttings near Brisbane rather more than 
three years ago. This gentleman made a preliminary investiga- 
tion of them and submitted a report to the Imperial Academy 
of Sciences at Vienna on the 13th April, 1893. The presence 
of many of the Tertiary forms is apparent, and among them 
