ACCOUNT OF GENERAL MEETINGS AND ANNUAL MEETING. 133 
a beautiful and instructive series of lantern slides, mostly views 
of river and lake scenery, illustrating their various types and 
their origin. Commencing with rivers, Mr. Innes explained how 
they cut down their channels and frequently alter their courses, 
and how waterfalls are formed. Some rivers are of immense age, 
like the Indus and the Brahmaputra, which, cutting as they do 
through the Himalaya mountains, must have begun their exist- 
ence before their upheaval and have excavated their channels as 
fast as the land surface rose. Turning to lakes, the speaker 
classified them under four heads. First are barrier lakes, when 
the water has been impounded by a barrier, which may be formed 
in various ways, such as an avalanche or glacier, a glacial 
moraine, a landslip, or an accumulation of blown sand. The 
second class includes true rock basins cut out of solid rock by 
the passage of glaciers. Many of the Scottish lakes have 
orginated in this way. Other basins have been formed by the 
removal of undeground material, such as beds of rock salt, which 
is the case with the Cheshire meres. The third class of lakes are 
those formed by earth movements ; it includes the largest lakes 
in the world, such as the great lakes of North America and the 
East African lakes. The fourth class are lakes which occupy 
volcanic craters. Mr. Innes's lecture was listened to with great 
interest, a hearty vote of thanks being passed, on the motion of 
the President. 
ANNUAL SUMMER EXCURSION OF THE SOCIETY. 
July 19th, 1914. 
(Bristol Times and Mirror, July 21st, 1914). 
The Bristol Naturalists' Society had their Annual Summer 
Excursion on Saturday afternoon, when a party of about 65 
members and their friends, under the leadership of Miss Roper 
(President of the Society) visited Ashton Park. The place of 
meeting was Bower Ashton Lodge, where the party assembled 
at three o'clock. On entering the park they were first of all 
conducted through the fruit and vegetable garden and hothouses 
by the head gardener. They then proceeded, accompanied by 
Mr. H. B. Napier (steward of the estate), to the vicinity of the 
house, where they inspected the ornamental flower garden and 
conservatories. Some of the fine specimens of trees and shrubs 
attracted much attention. The party then had a long walk, 
passing through the deer park to the bungalow near Beggarbush 
Lane, where tea was provided. The deer were seen to great 
advantage in the open ground. After tea votes of thanks to Lady 
Smyth for her kindness in permitting the Society to visit the 
park, and to Mr. and Mrs. Napier for their part 'in facilitating 
the success of the day, were proposed by Dr. Shingleton Smith 
