CARBONIFEROUS LIMESTONE SERIES. 
191 
(2) The Zaphrentis (Z) Beds. 
Apart from the Avon quarries, the first important exposure 
of the Z-beds as one passes westward is the quarry by the road 
at Abbot's Iyeigh described by Vaughan. 1 Here the Z i-beds, 
which are very shaly at the base, are well exposed. 
South-westward from this point for a distance of ij miles, 
i.e., nearly as far as Failand Farm, the Z i-beds form a rather 
prominent escarpment marked by a narrow band of wood ; 
exposures are plantiful and the rocks are, as is usually the case 
with Z 1 in the Bristol area very fossiliferous. The Z-beds are 
also exposed to the E. and W. of Manor Farm. The Observatory 
Hill fault appears to die out in the Z-beds near Yew Tree 
Cottage. There are many exposures of Z-beds near Failand Hill 
House ; at the northern end of the grounds below the summer 
house there is a good section of Zi, and a wooded scarp of this 
horizon extends westward along the northern boundary of the 
warren known as the Horse Race to the road S. of Racecourse 
Farm. Z 1 material crowded with Lepicena analoga was thrown 
out in making a pond near the S.E. corner of the Horse Race. 
In the road section S. of Racecourse Farm the whole of the 
Z-beds are well seen, Z 1 in the road section and in the woods 
E. and W. of the road, Z 2 and 7 in the Horse Race quarry. 2 
No more exposures of importance are seen as one proceeds west- 
ward till the Moat House Farm quarries described by Vaughan 3 
are reached, the horizon being upper Z 1 and lower Z 2. The 
same beds are seen at several points between Moat House Farm 
and the Clapton road. 
Z i-beds were temporarily exposed in 1916 just to the E. of 
Nash House, within a few yards of the Pennant outcrop. 
The woods to the N. and S. of the track to Cadbury Camp 
are mainly in Z-beds, and numerous exposures of highly 
crinoidal limestone occur. The remarkable isolated patches of 
limestone appearing through the Coal Measures in the neigh- 
bourhood of Clapton-in-Gordano are also of Z-beds. 
Z-beds are well seen in places in the south-western part of 
the moat of Cadbury Camp, and the abundance of Leptcena 
analoga in the loose material along the northern margin indicates 
the presence of Z 1. All the country as far N. as the Clapton 
road, a distance of some 500 yards is composed of Z-beds. This 
width of outcrop implies repetition of the strata either by fold- 
ing or strike-faulting. The narrow flat-topped ridge which 
extends westward from Cadbury Camp for some z\ miles to 
end at Court Hill, Clevedon, is mainly composed of Z-beds, which 
are exposed at many points along the course of the outcrop, and 
particularly in the path leading up Court Hill from near All 
Saints' Church, Clevedon. 
1 Bristol Paper, p. 233. 
2 Ibid, pp. 215-6. 
3 Ibid, p. 232. 
